Disease AUTOIMMUNE

Question 1

What occurs in an autoimmune disease? Give an example

Answer 1

Attack of own cells (Autoimmune t-cells and antibodies )
In a healthy individual doesn’t attack own tissues because self-antibodies and self-t-cells are removed at checkpoints throughout the body. if there is failure at the checkpoint
this is autoimmunity.

Example: Type 1 diabetes one organ attacked - pancreas

Question 2

What causes autoimmune disease?

Answer 2

Genetics and Environmental exposures can risk developing an autoimmune disease

Question 3

What occurs in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) ?

Answer 3

Targets cells (T-cells) n the immune system increase the risk of tumours and infections
HIV Infected blood passed onto another

❓The virus goes into the T-cells HD4+, Changes the DNA, then replication of the cell occurs and the destroying of T-cells ❓

The virus infects, replicates and kills T-cells.
Without treatment, a person with HIV will develop AIDs Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome because there aren’t enough T-cells to fight off infection
Can’t fight infections. The infection causes more HIV T-cells to be made

Question 4

What is hypersensitivity? Give an example

Answer 4

Excessive and damaging immune response to antigen

anaphylaxis

Question 5

What is an allergy? What are the 4 types?

Answer 5

over-sensitive to normal environmental factors

1. Immediate
   - IgE antibody binds to mast cell
   - Allergies and anaphylaxis
2. Antibody- meditated
   -I gG or IgM antibodies bind to the antigen and destroy it
3. Immune complex
   antigen and antibody bonded together. lodges in tissue and causes an inflammatory response
   Delayed
4. Involves t-helper cells but very similar to type 1 just 48 – 72 hrs delayed
   CD4 molecules is on t-helper cells, macrophages, dendritic cells Helps immune cells communicate