INDUSTRILSAITON

Question 1

why economic backward

Answer 1

predomitly agrictulture (innefiecent)
few roads/railways, 1-2% industrial workers, over 85% in ag- needed education/funding/recourses
lack of enterprenual mc

Question 2

industry did exist small scale:

Answer 2

860k urban workers/74m = 0.011%

Question 3

russia needed to strengthen by modernising , industrial development is needed

Answer 3

state led/promoted industrial growth

Question 4

von return :minister finance 1862
under a2

Answer 4

visited use, impressed enterprise culture (railways)
state money and industrialisation should drive industrialisation and facilitate private investment and initiate

Question 5

emancipation serfs 1861

Answer 5

mov rural-urban factories, education workforce

Question 6

railway centre von stragedy

Answer 6

move raw materials, army deployment

Question 7

emancipation worked:

Answer 7

slight economic rising, emergence of kulaks reinforced the economy, some movement from rural to urban

Question 8

emancipation failed:

Answer 8

state serfs:66
2ytemp obliged
pay taxes
limited movement of peasnts

Question 8

von retrun
reform treasury- state bank established 1860

Answer 8

loans start business (encourage entrepreneural class)
1862 gov departments list of revenue= more accountable for auditing
1862=payments tracked by peasnts for land plots

Question 9

von retrun
tax farming abolished 1863

Answer 9

-priv individuals/companys brought right from gov to collect taxes from vodka+make profit
now:state keep more revenue, encourage farmers to invest in industry
=improve gov revenue

Question 10

von retrun
liberal free trade with other countries

Answer 10

-trade treaties with other nations
-tariffs on improts/ex abolished
-exports grew 60% 70’s
=improved trade and increased capital in russia

Question 11

von return
foreign ent encouraged to invest/devlop russia heavy industry (railway)

Answer 11

-promised anual dividen by gov regardless profitablity on line
-100m roubles invested 70’s
-danger of monomplising/exploting, reliance of them, no native russia mc

Question 12

von return
gov subsides/loans develop railways

Answer 12

1870-3 ‘railway’mainia’
53 roubles/1.8b directly invested railway construction
1838-16m track
1880-14k miles
-agricultral areas connected to seaports(helps ext trade)
-1861-81 grain exports gree
linked inductraila read major cities
stimulated coal/irol/oil- develop consumer market, supply+demand

Question 12

von return
expansion of tapping natural recourses

Answer 12

-oil banks regipon
-coal mining bobas basin
social change urbanisation
Moscow tripples in size 1897
overal urban pop doubled 1871

Question 13

bunges replaces

Answer 13

liberal free trade, raised tariffs on imported goods, raised indirect taxation(poll tax abolished)

Question 13

bungees key policy 81-7

Answer 13

embarked on protectionist policy towards industry, encouraged greater state control railways

Question 13

von return :(

Answer 13

still behind west
1/3 gov expenditure paying debt
reliance foreign entrap

Question 13

von return/a2 gradual

Answer 13

gov revenue +3%py
railway tacks x10, growth in cotton manufacturing, stimulate heavy industry x1.7 iron-weapons
industrial production inc 6% py

Question 14

peasant land bank

Answer 14

loans peasnts buy lands-only involved 20% purchases

Question 15

Russian first labour laws

Answer 15

1882-first factory inspectorate set up
1882-regulations of child female labour

Question 15

bunges failure

Answer 15

made powerful enemies in gov(not giving into funding demands)
had to keep borrowing to balance budget, still behind west

Question 15

bunges sucess

Answer 15

greater control railways - expanded 17k miles

Question 16

Ivan v 87-92 continuation bunge

Answer 16

inc protectionism tariffs raised higher 33%
balance books of russia - russia state debt halted
inc direct taxation
russian gold reserves doubled
continued building state owned railways

Question 17

Ivan v 87-92 changes, new

Answer 17

inc grain exports as source of income- hard currency(18%total exports 1891)

Question 18

squeezing the peasantry Ivan

Answer 18

state requisitioned large quantise of grain from peasnts

Question 19

famine 91-2

Answer 19

continued to export grain whilst peasnts starving
1.5m dead
gov response inadequate
zemstvas huge role famine relief
=turn to liberal/democary

Question 20

BUNGE/IVAN OUTCOME

Answer 20

stil beging west, Performance still underwhelming(even tho won Russia Turkish war)
russian industry still needed to develop
gov budget deficit