INDUSTRILSAITON Flashcards
why economic backward
predomitly agrictulture (innefiecent)
few roads/railways, 1-2% industrial workers, over 85% in ag- needed education/funding/recourses
lack of enterprenual mc
industry did exist small scale:
860k urban workers/74m = 0.011%
russia needed to strengthen by modernising , industrial development is needed
state led/promoted industrial growth
von return :minister finance 1862
under a2
visited use, impressed enterprise culture (railways)
state money and industrialisation should drive industrialisation and facilitate private investment and initiate
emancipation serfs 1861
mov rural-urban factories, education workforce
railway centre von stragedy
move raw materials, army deployment
emancipation worked:
slight economic rising, emergence of kulaks reinforced the economy, some movement from rural to urban
emancipation failed:
state serfs:66
2ytemp obliged
pay taxes
limited movement of peasnts
von retrun
reform treasury- state bank established 1860
loans start business (encourage entrepreneural class)
1862 gov departments list of revenue= more accountable for auditing
1862=payments tracked by peasnts for land plots
von retrun
tax farming abolished 1863
-priv individuals/companys brought right from gov to collect taxes from vodka+make profit
now:state keep more revenue, encourage farmers to invest in industry
=improve gov revenue
von retrun
liberal free trade with other countries
-trade treaties with other nations
-tariffs on improts/ex abolished
-exports grew 60% 70’s
=improved trade and increased capital in russia
von return
foreign ent encouraged to invest/devlop russia heavy industry (railway)
-promised anual dividen by gov regardless profitablity on line
-100m roubles invested 70’s
-danger of monomplising/exploting, reliance of them, no native russia mc
von return
gov subsides/loans develop railways
1870-3 ‘railway’mainia’
53 roubles/1.8b directly invested railway construction
1838-16m track
1880-14k miles
-agricultral areas connected to seaports(helps ext trade)
-1861-81 grain exports gree
linked inductraila read major cities
stimulated coal/irol/oil- develop consumer market, supply+demand
von return
expansion of tapping natural recourses
-oil banks regipon
-coal mining bobas basin
social change urbanisation
Moscow tripples in size 1897
overal urban pop doubled 1871
bunges replaces
liberal free trade, raised tariffs on imported goods, raised indirect taxation(poll tax abolished)
bungees key policy 81-7
embarked on protectionist policy towards industry, encouraged greater state control railways
von return :(
still behind west
1/3 gov expenditure paying debt
reliance foreign entrap
von return/a2 gradual
gov revenue +3%py
railway tacks x10, growth in cotton manufacturing, stimulate heavy industry x1.7 iron-weapons
industrial production inc 6% py
peasant land bank
loans peasnts buy lands-only involved 20% purchases
Russian first labour laws
1882-first factory inspectorate set up
1882-regulations of child female labour
bunges failure
made powerful enemies in gov(not giving into funding demands)
had to keep borrowing to balance budget, still behind west
bunges sucess
greater control railways - expanded 17k miles
Ivan v 87-92 continuation bunge
inc protectionism tariffs raised higher 33%
balance books of russia - russia state debt halted
inc direct taxation
russian gold reserves doubled
continued building state owned railways
Ivan v 87-92 changes, new
inc grain exports as source of income- hard currency(18%total exports 1891)
squeezing the peasantry Ivan
state requisitioned large quantise of grain from peasnts
famine 91-2
continued to export grain whilst peasnts starving
1.5m dead
gov response inadequate
zemstvas huge role famine relief
=turn to liberal/democary
BUNGE/IVAN OUTCOME
stil beging west, Performance still underwhelming(even tho won Russia Turkish war)
russian industry still needed to develop
gov budget deficit
