ALEXANDER 2

Question 1

upbringing

Answer 1

tutored by liberal poet + liberal aunt/ Nikolay

Question 2

why emancipate serfs 1861

Answer 2

-moral concerns
-needed to industrialise after cw (humiliated)
-no market/knowledge of working
-freely hired labour more incentive
=grain surplus, state money
-riots

Question 3

edict

Answer 3

private/household had rights, state:66
redemption payment 49y
temp obliged 2y(15%by1881)

Question 4

result edict

Answer 4

lords mansion now few paid servants.
nobility use compensations for professional jobs = small Russian enteuprnerus
urban pop doubled

Question 5

edict annoyed

Answer 5

nobility(lost workers, tax money, produce)
peasnts: snuggle redemption payments- debt sell land
no agricultural rev=couldnt make profitable surplus

Question 6

IR : military

Answer 6

more autumn given district commanders
better previsionary medical care/weaponry
relaxed punishement
conscripted 25>15

Question 7

IR : edcuation

Answer 7

open to all
modern school established (wider subjects)
modern/gymnazi go uni(no fees)
liberal thinkers permitted to professorships
=MORE DISCUSSION LIBERAL CHANGE GROUPS

Question 8

IR : local gov

Answer 8

zemstavs, local council now elected (nobility based=corrupt)
improved education/healthcare

Question 9

zemstvas

Answer 9

not allowed to work together, no control over collection of state taxes.

Question 10

IR: judiciary

Answer 10

courts ‘open to public’= intelligentsia can educate others
judges appointed by zemstvas
independent from autocratic gov
innocent till guilty
= HARDER FOR GOV TO PROSECUTE

Question 11

IR : censorship

Answer 11

relaxed but if ‘dangerous’ prohibited
press more freedom=freedom of discussion
=SPREAD OF LITERATURE

Question 12

polish rebellion 1863-4 why

Answer 12

growing nationalism, after cw russia viewed as weak, liberal reforms of a.2 failed to satisfy radicle polish nationalist, plan to conscript into army=sparked rebellion

Question 13

Polish rebellion gorrilla warfare

Answer 13

employed by polish, 1+ year russia army to restore order

Question 14

result polish rebellion

Answer 14

public executiuons/deportations (detterance) tighter conditions on nationals (jewish) a.2 greatly unsettled, doubt of future reforms

Question 15

intelligentsia ‘we want more’

Answer 15

liberals in zemstva demanding National Assembly, a.2 unwilling to allow democracy, nihilism+populism popular in uni students

Question 16

assassination attempt

Answer 16

1866: former student ‘nihlist’
1867: polish immigrant

Question 17

a.2 personal circumstances

Answer 17

son died, wife ill(influenced him) , mistress make public

Question 18

66: rely on conservatives

Answer 18

rule by decree, tighter censorship, new misnomer of education TOLSTOY= teachers appointed by state no zemstvas
new head of ts (shuvalov)

Question 19

nardolck moment

Answer 19

populist campaign to appeal peasnts (educate) failed
arrested - trails (difficult)
trial 50,193
backfired lineant sentences

Question 20

minister of internal affairs MELKOV

Answer 20

restrictions on zemstva lifted, salt tax abolished