Industrial medicine Flashcards
How was germ theory discovered
Louis pasteur- french chemist employed to find why milk went off thought germs caused disease
What was spontaneous generation?
That worms and maggots grew out of the decaying material like meat
It was thought that microscopes confirmed this when they could see microorganisms on the decaying substance
How did pasteur prove his theory?
He did experiments with swan neck vases he took sterile ones into Paris opened them and sealed them to prove there was bacteria in the air
He repeated this in many places e.g mountains to show they were not evenly distributed
One was filled with stale air the other sterile and in the stale one there was no decay in the stale one there was
He heated a flask to make it sterile to prove heat killed germs and the flask remained sterile even 100 years later
How did Robert Koch further Pasteur’s theory ?
He isolated single bacterium that caused disease eg anthrax in 1875 and septicemia using new dies to make them fluorescent divided way to create liquid with only one kind of germ and grow germ injected it in mice and they got septicemia. Also could grow solid culture of bacteria that more reliable than Pasteur’s also discover bacteria cause TB and Cholera and adapted microscopes to have camara so he could share information
What other vaccines were discovered
Cholera- tried to innoculated chickens but lab closed for summer so then did it after summer innoculated then with old cholera and the chickens didnt die (pasteur and chamberlain)
Anthrax proved in public studies
Rabies- vaccinated on dog then on 13 year old boy Joseph meser who was very ill (injected 13 times) (pasteur)
Also typhoid tetanus diphtheria polio and measeals had vaccines
What did Emil Von Behring discover
Anit toxins from 1889 and 1884 when studying diphtheria in rats saw rat serum produced naturally destroyed the bacteria added chemicals to the rat serum made guinpig pigs immunes guinipig serum not kill bacteria but neutralise toxins invented serum theory with anti toxins applied to dipthera in humans
What were Erlich’s magic bullets
Worked with Emil Von Behring before wanted chemical that kill disease with no side effects tested chemical dies to see if kill microbes
Tested arsenic compounds to see if kill syphilis sehchrio hats retested compounds in 1909 and found Salvarsan 606 kill syphilis without harming the rest of the body 1909 first used in human 1911
