1950-1960 Flashcards
when the Chinese communist party first met in china how many people turned up
12
three years after their first meeting how many members does the chinese communist party have
10,000 members
when did the chinese civil war start and who lead the communists
1927 mao-zedong but the government had much more land than the communisrs
who replaces the Nationalist leader of china in 1925
chiang kai-shek and he hates commmunists killing 5,000 of them
how do the communists win major battles?
they hide in the countryside and launch surpirse attacks
the goverment attck the communist so they are close to starving what does mao do ?
try to escape the goverment’s forces by marching north this is called the long march. they walk over 6,00 miles 93,000 men die but they reach the north to safety
when does japan invade china and what affect does it have on the chinese civil war?
1937
it means the goverment is busy fighting japan and not the communists
what happes in the chinese civil war during ww11
the communists take back land then once the war ends the soviets start to help the chinese communsists and they win the war in 1949 and china is deaclared the communists people’s rebublic of china
the nationalsist and communists were friends during the war beacuse they shared a common enemy
a
who was mao tse-tung
was son of a waelthy farmer and was inspired by marx and founded the chinese communist party
who was the leader leader of the chinsease nationalists and what happened to the nationalist after the formation of the PRC
chiang kai-sheck and they retaredted to tiwan wich was formerly part of chin a
how recognised the new governmemt of china
mainly only the ussr so moa looked to the ussr for help and protection toher couuntires only recognised the exiled goverment
what was the tearty of firendship
it was very one sided and mainly only helped the ussr it said 300 million dollars of aid would be given to china but 95% of it would need to be repaied at hgih interest and most of the money would need to be spent on soviet services 8000 chinese students were allowed to travel to the ussr to stufdy and soviet experts at cost the the chinease were avible to help chinese devlopment but the adivce was often questionable and only benifted the ussr and china had to give two of its major ports and the right to kine to the ussr in china
how were mao and stalin’s interpreations of communism different?
most of mao supporters were farmers so his version of communism focused on farming and thier importance and modernising through agriculture wereas the russian revoltion was lead by industry so stalin’s version focused on urban workers
how did the west view the commmunist take over china?
they viewed it as a faliure of the turman doctrine and refuse to recognise the new government and mao’s gpvermnet was not asked to represent china at the un and they also helped to build up the econimoies of japan tiwan to prevent the threat of commu ist take over and it exteneds the cold war into aisa so the policy of contaiment was extened and the domino effect was disscussed
when did the korean war take place?
1950-1953
what changed in aisa that changed the attitudes of the soviets and the west towards the likelihood of korea turing communist
china turing communists- the domino effect
before 1950 it was recognised that korea was not in the soviet shpere of influence
what were some effects of the chinese civil war?
the us offered aid to jaoan and formed the un and the us moved form a policy of contaiment to trying to roll back communism
what is a proxy war?
a war where two enemies do not fight one another directly but instead support oppoisng sides that meet their own interest
outline the events of the korean war?
1.japan surrenders to the usssr in the north and the usa in the south after ww2
2.Korea was divied temporarily at the 38th parrellel
3. in 1948 2 spearates countries are established
4.the norht invades the south in 19950
5. the south appeals to the UN for help (the ussr was boycotting they usually would have use their votio but did not like that the UN had not recgonised the new chinease government)
6.in july UN approves sending a UN army to help Sputh Korea
7.in november chinease forces join the war (after UN forced had pushed back Korean ones close to their boarder-they did not want a capitalist neighbour) and take soul in january
8.McAruthur is sacked after suggesting the use of the atomic bomb
9. peace talks beging in 1951
what was some signficance of the Korean war?
each side became increasingly polarised in thier views
proved the UN could act if necessary proved stronger than the leauge of nations
made the USSR tkae it’s seat in the UN and not miss an important vote
exercised the policy of containment
1st time divisions broke out in deadly conflict
each side could test deadly weapons
the un failed to unite korea but peace was enventualy found
china was shown as a power for the first time shifitng the power in the cold wra towards the Soviets
one in 10 Koreans died
what part did the ussr play in the korean war?
didin’t get directly invoulved in the fighting but supplied north with planes and tanks
when does satlin die
march 1953 form a blood clot in the brain after being letf on the floor out of fear of punishment leading to hopes of better realtioln from the west
who replaced stalin
Nikita Khrushchev
what was de-stalinisation
the process by wich Khrushchev removed stalin’s policies starting with calling him a tryant in the secret speech
what was the thaw
the perioed in the mid 1950s when relations between the ussr and usa improved following the death of Stalin
what was the concept of peaceful co-existence
it was the recogniton by Khrushchev that the west had a right to exist
‘we may argue. the main thing is to argue without using wepons’
what effect did the death of stalin have on the satelight state?
they thought they thye may have a chance to gain some freedoms during the thaw
what did khrushchev do within the USSR to carry out de-stalinisation
stautes of stalin were removed and his body was removed form the kremlin
polictical prisoners were relased
more consumer goods were produced
cominform was closed down to improve relations with Tito and yugaslavia
in visited USA and UK
what was the Austrian State Treaty
was singed by khrushchev in 1955 ending the divison and occupation of austria and allowing Austrian independence
what thw the Geneva summit conference 1955
1st summit since Postdam in 10 years attened by both the USSR and USA also uk and china were there and france
they disscussed:
worold trade thr arms race disarmerment
what did the satelight states think think about the thaw and what were the realities
the staelight states expected grater freedoms and poland even gave some freedoms after a visit
but in reality the USSR could not afford to give freedoms and needed the Buffer Zone and felt freedoms would trigger a domino effect more would be demanded
how have tensions increased after the thaw ?
wester germany joined nato
the warsaw pact was enacted
soviet satelight states had a comander in cheif and soviet soilders in their soil
how have tensions decreased after the thaw
change in forgein policy
more willing to negotiate
ending of korean war
austrian state treaty
coled down cominform
1955 genva summit
visits to US and Britain
what prompetd the creation of the warsaw pact
the creation of nato ( was created by 12 countries who agreed to proct each other -USA happy cos they get wepons and bases in europe and birtain happy beacuse us forces in europe proecet them from potenial attack) and the rejection of the ussr from nato in 1954 and west germany joing nato in 1955
what was the warsasw pact
a millitary allience between all communist countires in Eastern eourope expect yugoslavia (tito)
it permitted soviet troops to be sationed in these countries for the porpose of defence if there was a war it would now be between the 2 alliences and involve all countries of nato and the warsaw pact
what caused the hungarian uprising?
the death fo stalin
the freedoms for poland
the expolitation of the eastern bloc by the (livestock and crops being shipped to the USSR caused famine) USSR
feeling of abbandoment by western powers
years of soviet oppression
ussr imposed unachiveable quotas for factory production
burtality ofmthe secret police
what were the events leadin to the hungarian uprising
Khrushchev critisised stalin so other felt they could to and protested againsted the Stalinist leader of Hungary Rakosi leading to june 1956 riots in wich a staue of stalin was tron down leading to Rakosi’s removal more rebellion- soviet tanks move in then wihtdraw leading to a change in leadership to Nagy who impliments reforms but he then pushes it too far and asks to leave the warsaw pact leading to 2 weeks of brutal street fights in hugnary
what reforms did Nagy impliment
free elections
no secret police
freer travel
removal of soviet presence
what were the events of the 2 week hungarian uprising ?
USSR in november 1000s of soviet troops and 1000 tanks entered budipest met by hungarian resistance 3,000 hungarinas and 7,000- 8,000 soviets died
Magy appealed to the west for help but was refused nagy and his goverment was arrested thad Nagy was executed
khrushchev could not allow them to leave the warsaw pact beacuse it would leave a hole in the bufferzone
what did the west do about soviet brutality in the hungarian uprising
dencoued the ussr’s actions but refused to send help and risk direct war and it was agreed that hungary was in the soviet shpere of infulence
what was the suez crisis
uk and france invade egypt to take back suez canal that was built by britain bu they did not consult america and meant they they were busy during the hungarian urising so did not send help to hungary.
it threatened to tarnish the political reputaion of france and brtain
what were the effects of the hungarian uprsing
hungary restored to commuism
shoed forgein policy was a seccusess for a critisied Khrushchev
eneded the thaw
showed power of UsSR
