exploration and war with spain Flashcards
who was hawkins?
he began the english involvement in the slave trade and was drake’s counsin
who was drake
the circumnavigated the globe readied many spanish territories and brough back so much gold he cleared the national dept he was kigted by elizabeth
what were problems with saling
they had no maps and nagivagted by the stars but the couldn’t measure how far east and west they had gone many sailors dies of scurvey or ships were blown off course
who was walter reighly
he set up and egnlish colony in north america but hey ran low on supplies ad when drake visited may of them had left when another gorup set out they were alsoe xpecing supplies but the spanish delayed it when the supply ships arrived the settlers were all gone and it became known as the lost colony there was poor time and lack of funds but reilgh was partly resoponible on its faliure
why were explorers significant
encourge other to exlpor on egland’s behalf paving a way for an empire and at a time of high national dept it cleared it but did cause alot of tensions with spain
causes of the war with spain
mary’s execution
and elizabeth rjected phills marrige proposal
and the religous settlemet angered him he belived it was a holy cursade to return england to catholicism
war in the netherlands by protestant phill was incredibly harsh with dealing with it he sent in an mary and arrested over 18000 dutch protestants 100 were burned to death this anger liz so she gave the rebbels support and sent troops
francis drake’s theft from the spaish
how did they prepare for the armada
he planned to destroy the english fleet in the channel he had 17000 troops led by the duke of parma they would then land in kent and march towrads london adided by english catholics
they would need to stop in the netherland to pick uptroops
what were problems with the plan
there were no habours big enough for the spanish to land in in the netherlands and his advisors told him the delay the alunch the armder leader died and was replaced with mardina sedonia who hated saling a huge storm orringinally blew then off course and phill didn’t allow them to take advantge of any chance opportunites
whtat was drake’s attck on cadiz
when phill’s armada was preparing drake attacked and destoryed between 24-37 ships and also burnt important timber that the spanish would use to take supplies to england it meant they had to use unseasond wood for barrels wich leaked
was the armada a threat
huge threat 130 ships 30,000 men 17,000 extra torups a line of warning beacons was et up along the coast so they could see when the armdada set sail engish land efences were weak and as they had no idea where the spanish would land they split their forces between 3 marmies (20000 men most untrained) so the navy was their best hope with the navy under the command of drake effingahm and hawkins they had light menvourverable ships with 54 battleships campared to spains 64nbyt the had 200 ships wichws more then spain
armada events
armada set sail so beacons were lit english ships chase spanish up the channel armada anchord near calais english sent in burning fire ships the armdad panicked and set sail out of the harbour the engish attacked spanish near gravlines and sunk 3 ships the spanish soilder were help up in the netherlands they tried to sail back to spain around scot;and but were caught in the storm and only 1/2 of the armada retuned to spain
why did the armada fail
engilsh had strong tatics and well btuilt ships as weel as thise lizabeth used speeches and propogander to help raise morale they also had better long range cannons
spanish weakness- cannons not effective so exploded whne fired spansih comader inexperienced delay in the netherlands allowed english attack in calais they also had a strong cresent formation but firships caused it to be broken up
and the weatther the spanish also poorly planned so ran out of supplies when they were blown off course near calais
results of the armada
celebration throught england a walse catholics had not rebelled showing liz’s power pirates continue to attck spanish ships and there was a lingering threat of invasion from the spanish army in the netherlands
portraitsa and medallians were produced to celebrate
