Individual Differences & Personalities

Question 1

Individual differences

Answer 1

enduring psychological features that are stable over time and across situations

Question 2

General Mental Ability (IQ)

Answer 2

one’s overall cognitive abilities (reasoning, verbal, numerical, analytical skills)
most powerful predictor of job performance (25% of variance)

Question 3

Emotional Intelligence

Answer 3

understanding other’s emotions and how they respond to our own emotions.
predictor of job performance (-8%)

Question 4

Core self-evaluations

Answer 4

refers to peoples’ fundamental beliefs about their abilities and control.
various implications for job satisfaction and performance

Question 5

self-esteem

Answer 5

degree to which a person has overall positive feelings about themselves

Question 6

self-efficay

Answer 6

belief that one can perform a specific task successfully
job specific: you can have a high self-esteem but low self-efficacy
belief that we can do something is a good predictor of job performance

Question 7

locus of contron

Answer 7

degree to which people feel accountable for their own behaviors and outcomes

Question 8

internal locus of control

Answer 8

belief that what happens to me is my own doing and I control my own destiny

Question 9

External locus of control

Answer 9

belief that what happens to me is due to other people, situational factors, or luck

Question 10

Demographic differences

Answer 10

gender, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation (demographic features have low predictive value for job performance)

Question 11

cultural differences

Answer 11

individualism/collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance

Question 12

Personality

Answer 12

encompasses the relatively stable feelings, thoughts, and behavioral patterns. Stable ≠ no change
people become more emotionally stable over time

Question 13

Personality gives clues about:

Answer 13

• types of career
• satisfaction
• how well stress is handled
• leadership abilities

Question 14

Big 5 Personality

Answer 14

five dimensions have emerged that explain most of the variance in our personalities: OCEAN

Question 15

OCEAN

Answer 15

Openness
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism

Question 16

Openness

Answer 16

degree to which a person is curious, original, intellectual, creative, or open to new ideas

Question 17

CONSCIENTIOUSNESS

Answer 17

degree to which a person is organized, systematic, punctual, achievement oriented, and dependable

Question 18

Extraversion

Answer 18

degree to which a person is outgoing, talkative, sociable, and enjoys being in social situations

Question 19

Agreeableness

Answer 19

Degree to which a person is nice, tolerant, sensitive, trusting, kind, and warm

Question 20

Neurotisim

Answer 20

degree to which a person is anxious, irritable, temperamental, or moody.

Question 21

OCEAN & JOB PERFORMANCE in order

Answer 21

Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Extraversion and Neuroticism, openness (in some cases)

Question 22

OCEAM in team

Answer 22

want similar: Conscientiousness & Agreeableness
different: openness
& Extraversion
want less: neuroticism

Question 23

Self-monitoring

Answer 23

Extent to which people are capable of adapting their action and appearance across social situations.

Question 24

High self-monitors

Answer 24

understand situation demands and modify behavior accordingly.
-Tend to have more successful careers
-but also experience higher levels of stress

Question 25

Low self monitors

Answer 25

tend to act the way they feel across a variety of situations.

Question 26

proactive personality

Answer 26

inclination to fix what is perceived to be wrong, change the status quo, and take initiative to solve problems. -more successful in careers- able to adjust quickly and more responsive to feedback

Question 27

self-reports

Answer 27

often distorted due to biases.