Important Bacteria Flashcards
S. aureus: bacteria class? aerobic/anaerobic? gram positive or negative? cocci or rod?
staphylococci
aerobic
positive
cocci
Coag-negative staph bacteria class? aerobic/anaerobic? gram positive or negative? cocci or rod?
staphylococci
aerobic
positive
cocci
S. pneumoniae bacteria class? aerobic/anaerobic? gram positive or negative? cocci or rod?
streptococci
aerobic
positive
cocci
Group B Strept bacteria class? aerobic/anaerobic? gram positive or negative? cocci or rod?
streptococci
aerobic
positive
cocci
Viridans Strept bacteria class? aerobic/anaerobic? gram positive or negative? cocci or rod?
streptococci
aerobic
positive
cocci
E. faecalis bacteria class? aerobic/anaerobic? gram positive or negative? cocci or rod?
enterococci
aerobic
positive
cocci
E. faecium bacteria class? aerobic/anaerobic? gram positive or negative? cocci or rod?
enterococci
aerobic
positive
cocci
E. coli bacteria class? aerobic/anaerobic? gram positive or negative? cocci or rod?
aerobic gram negative rod
K. pneumoniae bacteria class? aerobic/anaerobic? gram positive or negative? cocci or rod?
aerobic gram negative rod
Serratia, Enterobacter bacteria class? aerobic/anaerobic? gram positive or negative? cocci or rod?
aerobic gram negative rod
H. influenzae bacteria class? aerobic/anaerobic? gram positive or negative? cocci or rod?
aerobic gram negative rod
P. aeruginosa bacteria class? aerobic/anaerobic? gram positive or negative? cocci or rod?
aerobic gram negative rod
M. catarrhalis bacteria class? aerobic/anaerobic? gram positive or negative? cocci or rod?
aerobic gram negative cocci
N. gonorrhoeae bacteria class? aerobic/anaerobic? gram positive or negative? cocci or rod?
aerobic gram negative cocci
N. meningitidis bacteria class? aerobic/anaerobic? gram positive or negative? cocci or rod?
aerobic gram negative cocci
Legionella sp bacteria class? aerobic/anaerobic? gram positive or negative? cocci or rod?
Atypical aerobe
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
bacteria class?
Atypical aerobe
Chlamydia pneumoniae
bacteria class?
Atypical aerobe
Bacteroides fragilis
bacteria class?
True anaerobe
Clostridium difficile
bacteria class?
what does it cause?
True anaerobe
diarrhea
Prevotella
bacteria class?
Oral anaerobe
Peptostreptococcus
bacteria class?
Oral anaerobe
Enterococcus
gram positive or negative?
gram positive
MRSA
gram positive or negative?
gram positive
MSSA
gram positive or negative?
gram positive
pseudomonas
gram positive or negative?
gram negative
what does MRSA stand for?
methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus
MRSA is resistant to…?
methicillin, penicillin, cephalosporin
what’s the drug of choice to treat MRSA?
vancomycin
what does MSSA stand for?
methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus
what drug class is contraindicated with penicillins and cephalosporins?
MOAs
Penicillin is effective at treating what infections?
gram positive - streptococci
oral anaerobe
N. meningitidis
syphilis
Ampicillin and amoxicillin are effective at treating what infections?
respiratory infections
gram positive - strep, enterococci
some gram negative
oral anaerobes
what are the two penicillinase-resistant penicillins called?
dicloxacillin and nafcillin
dicloxacillin and nafcillin are effective at treating what infections?
strep
MSSA (main use)
oral anaerobes
what are the two extended-spectrum penicillins?
they would be considered ___ spectrum
piperacillin and ticarcillin
broad
piperacillin and ticarcillin are effective at treating what infections?
strep, staph, enterococci
excellent for gram negative including p. aeruginosa
anaerobes
what bacteria do cephalosporins never treat?
enterococcus
cefazolin and cephalexin are effective at treating what infections?
skin infections strep MSSA E. coli Kleb oral anaerobes
cefuroxime, cefotetan, and cefoxitin are effective at treating what infections?
which bacteria is treated by cefoxitin and cefotetan but not cefuroxime?
Strep
MSSA
oral anaerobes
B. fragilis
ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, and ceftazidime are effective at treating what infections?
ceftazidime in specific treats what infection?
strep
MSSA
oral anaerobes
P. aeruginosa
Cetfolozane/tazobactam is used to treat?
pseudomonas
ceftazidime/avibactam is used to treat?
pseudomonas
cefepime is used to treat what infections?
hospital infections strep MSSA p. aeuginosa oral anaerobes
ceftaroline is used to treat what infections?
MRSA
strep
pneumoniae
what is the difference in spectrum between the different generations of cephalosporins?
little difference in spectrum
what drug class is contraindicated with carbapenem/monobactams?
MOAs
imipenem, meropenem, ertapenem, and doripenem are effective at treating what infections?
strep
MSSA
p. aerug.
anaerobes
what is imipenem, meropenem, ertapenem, and doripenem spectrum?
broad spectrum
what drug class is aztreonam
monobactam
aztreonam is used to treat what infections?
p. aerug
H. flu
Kleb
E. coli
what drug class is contraindicated with aminoglycosides/fluoroquinolones/macrolides?
MOAs
what drug class are gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin?
aminoglycosides
gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin are effective at treating what infections?
gram negatives (mainly p. aerug) used in combo with other antibiotics for gram positive
ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, gemifloxacin, delafloxacin are what drug class?
fluoroquinolones
what infection do levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, gemifloxacin, and delafloxacin all treat except for cipro?
cipro is a poor antibiotic at treating what?
strep
MSSA
ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, gemifloxacin, delafloxacin are effective at treating what infections?
most gram positive and negative
MSSA
p. aerug.
atypical pathogens (legionella sp., chlamydia pneumoniae, and mycoplasma pneumoniae)
fluoroquinolones should mainly be used to treat?
UTIs
fluoroquinolones should not be used for what population group?
children/pregnancy
erythromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin are what drug class?
macrolides
macrolides are effective at treating?
respiratory infections
erythromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin are effective at treating what infections?
gram positive - strep, maybe MSSA
gram neg - only H. flu
oral anaerobes
atypical pathogens (legionella sp., chlamydia pneumoniae, and mycoplasma pneumoniae)
Metronidazole is used for what infections?
only anaerobic infections (oral anaerobes, B. fragilis)
Clindamycin is used for what infections?
gram pos - strep, MSSA anaerobic infections (oral anaerobes, B. fragilis)
you should not consume what when taking metronidazole?
alcohol
vancomycin is used for what infections?
MRSA, strep, staph, maybe entero
gram positive oral anaerobes
linezolid is used for what infections?
it’s the drug of choice for?
strept, staph, entero
vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE)
daptomycin is used for what infections?
strep, staph, entero
dalbavacin is used for what infections?
only MRSA
oritavancin is used for what infections?
only MRSA
tedizolid is used for what infections?
only MRSA
trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole is used for what infections?
strep, MSSA
Enterobacteriaceae
oral anaerobes
e. coli causing UTI
tetracycline, doxycycline, and minocycline are effective for what infections?
respiratory infections strep, MSSA H. flu oral anaerobes atypical pathogens (legionella sp., chlamydia pneumoniae, and mycoplasma pneumoniae)
tetracycline, doxycycline, and minocycline are considered ____ spectrum
broad
tigecycline, eravacycline, and omadacycline are effective for what infections?
MRSA, VRE
entero, acinetobacter
true anaerobes
atypical pathogens (legionella sp., chlamydia pneumoniae, and mycoplasma pneumoniae)
tigecycline, eravacycline, and omadacycline are considered ____ spectrum
broad
name all the drugs that cover pseudomonas
aminoglycosides cipro, levo ceftazidime, cefepime, ceftrozane/tazobactam piperacillin, ticarcillin aztreonam imipenem, meropenem, doripenem
name all the drugs that cover MRSA
vancomycin linezolid, tedizolid daptomycin ceftaroline dalbavancin, oritavancin tigecycline, omadacycline, eravacycline delafloxacin
name all the drugs that cover true anaerobes
metronidazole carbapenems moxifloxacin clindamycin cefoxitin/cefotetan
