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Infectious Diseases > Important Bacteria > Flashcards

Important Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q 
S. aureus:
bacteria class?
aerobic/anaerobic?
gram positive or negative?
cocci or rod?
A

staphylococci
aerobic
positive
cocci

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2
Q 
Coag-negative staph
bacteria class?
aerobic/anaerobic?
gram positive or negative?
cocci or rod?
A

staphylococci
aerobic
positive
cocci

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3
Q 
S. pneumoniae
bacteria class?
aerobic/anaerobic?
gram positive or negative?
cocci or rod?
A

streptococci
aerobic
positive
cocci

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4
Q 
Group B Strept
bacteria class?
aerobic/anaerobic?
gram positive or negative?
cocci or rod?
A

streptococci
aerobic
positive
cocci

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5
Q 
Viridans Strept
bacteria class?
aerobic/anaerobic?
gram positive or negative?
cocci or rod?
A

streptococci
aerobic
positive
cocci

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6
Q 
E. faecalis
bacteria class?
aerobic/anaerobic?
gram positive or negative?
cocci or rod?
A

enterococci
aerobic
positive
cocci

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7
Q 
E. faecium
bacteria class?
aerobic/anaerobic?
gram positive or negative?
cocci or rod?
A

enterococci
aerobic
positive
cocci

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8
Q 
E. coli
bacteria class?
aerobic/anaerobic?
gram positive or negative?
cocci or rod?
A

aerobic gram negative rod

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9
Q 
K. pneumoniae
bacteria class?
aerobic/anaerobic?
gram positive or negative?
cocci or rod?
A

aerobic gram negative rod

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10
Q 
Serratia, Enterobacter
bacteria class?
aerobic/anaerobic?
gram positive or negative?
cocci or rod?
A

aerobic gram negative rod

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11
Q 
H. influenzae
bacteria class?
aerobic/anaerobic?
gram positive or negative?
cocci or rod?
A

aerobic gram negative rod

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12
Q 
P. aeruginosa
bacteria class?
aerobic/anaerobic?
gram positive or negative?
cocci or rod?
A

aerobic gram negative rod

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13
Q 
M. catarrhalis
bacteria class?
aerobic/anaerobic?
gram positive or negative?
cocci or rod?
A

aerobic gram negative cocci

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14
Q 
N. gonorrhoeae
bacteria class?
aerobic/anaerobic?
gram positive or negative?
cocci or rod?
A

aerobic gram negative cocci

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15
Q 
N. meningitidis
bacteria class?
aerobic/anaerobic?
gram positive or negative?
cocci or rod?
A

aerobic gram negative cocci

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16
Q 
Legionella sp
bacteria class?
aerobic/anaerobic?
gram positive or negative?
cocci or rod?
A

Atypical aerobe

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17
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

bacteria class?

A

Atypical aerobe

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18
Q

Chlamydia pneumoniae

bacteria class?

A

Atypical aerobe

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19
Q

Bacteroides fragilis

bacteria class?

A

True anaerobe

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20
Q

Clostridium difficile
bacteria class?
what does it cause?

A

True anaerobe

diarrhea

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21
Q

Prevotella

bacteria class?

A

Oral anaerobe

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22
Q

Peptostreptococcus

bacteria class?

A

Oral anaerobe

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23
Q

Enterococcus

gram positive or negative?

A

gram positive

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24
Q

MRSA

gram positive or negative?

A

gram positive

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25
Q

MSSA

gram positive or negative?

A

gram positive

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26
Q

pseudomonas

gram positive or negative?

A

gram negative

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27
Q

what does MRSA stand for?

A

methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus

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28
Q

MRSA is resistant to…?

A

methicillin, penicillin, cephalosporin

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29
Q

what’s the drug of choice to treat MRSA?

A

vancomycin

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30
Q

what does MSSA stand for?

A

methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus

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31
Q

what drug class is contraindicated with penicillins and cephalosporins?

A

MOAs

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32
Q

Penicillin is effective at treating what infections?

A

gram positive - streptococci
oral anaerobe
N. meningitidis
syphilis

33
Q

Ampicillin and amoxicillin are effective at treating what infections?

A

respiratory infections
gram positive - strep, enterococci
some gram negative
oral anaerobes

34
Q

what are the two penicillinase-resistant penicillins called?

A

dicloxacillin and nafcillin

35
Q

dicloxacillin and nafcillin are effective at treating what infections?

A

strep
MSSA (main use)
oral anaerobes

36
Q

what are the two extended-spectrum penicillins?

they would be considered ___ spectrum

A

piperacillin and ticarcillin

broad

37
Q

piperacillin and ticarcillin are effective at treating what infections?

A

strep, staph, enterococci
excellent for gram negative including p. aeruginosa
anaerobes

38
Q

what bacteria do cephalosporins never treat?

A

enterococcus

39
Q

cefazolin and cephalexin are effective at treating what infections?

A 
skin infections
strep
MSSA
E. coli
Kleb
oral anaerobes
40
Q

cefuroxime, cefotetan, and cefoxitin are effective at treating what infections?

which bacteria is treated by cefoxitin and cefotetan but not cefuroxime?

A

Strep
MSSA
oral anaerobes

B. fragilis

41
Q

ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, and ceftazidime are effective at treating what infections?

ceftazidime in specific treats what infection?

A

strep
MSSA
oral anaerobes

P. aeruginosa

42
Q

Cetfolozane/tazobactam is used to treat?

A

pseudomonas

43
Q

ceftazidime/avibactam is used to treat?

A

pseudomonas

44
Q

cefepime is used to treat what infections?

A 
hospital infections
strep
MSSA
p. aeuginosa
oral anaerobes
45
Q

ceftaroline is used to treat what infections?

A

MRSA
strep
pneumoniae

46
Q

what is the difference in spectrum between the different generations of cephalosporins?

A

little difference in spectrum

47
Q

what drug class is contraindicated with carbapenem/monobactams?

A

MOAs

48
Q

imipenem, meropenem, ertapenem, and doripenem are effective at treating what infections?

A

strep
MSSA
p. aerug.
anaerobes

49
Q

what is imipenem, meropenem, ertapenem, and doripenem spectrum?

A

broad spectrum

50
Q

what drug class is aztreonam

A

monobactam

51
Q

aztreonam is used to treat what infections?

A

p. aerug
H. flu
Kleb
E. coli

52
Q

what drug class is contraindicated with aminoglycosides/fluoroquinolones/macrolides?

A

MOAs

53
Q

what drug class are gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin?

A

aminoglycosides

54
Q

gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin are effective at treating what infections?

A 
gram negatives (mainly p. aerug)
used in combo with other antibiotics for gram positive
55
Q

ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, gemifloxacin, delafloxacin are what drug class?

A

fluoroquinolones

56
Q

what infection do levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, gemifloxacin, and delafloxacin all treat except for cipro?
cipro is a poor antibiotic at treating what?

A

strep

MSSA

57
Q

ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, gemifloxacin, delafloxacin are effective at treating what infections?

A

most gram positive and negative
MSSA
p. aerug.
atypical pathogens (legionella sp., chlamydia pneumoniae, and mycoplasma pneumoniae)

58
Q

fluoroquinolones should mainly be used to treat?

A

UTIs

59
Q

fluoroquinolones should not be used for what population group?

A

children/pregnancy

60
Q

erythromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin are what drug class?

A

macrolides

61
Q

macrolides are effective at treating?

A

respiratory infections

62
Q

erythromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin are effective at treating what infections?

A

gram positive - strep, maybe MSSA
gram neg - only H. flu
oral anaerobes
atypical pathogens (legionella sp., chlamydia pneumoniae, and mycoplasma pneumoniae)

63
Q

Metronidazole is used for what infections?

A

only anaerobic infections (oral anaerobes, B. fragilis)

64
Q

Clindamycin is used for what infections?

A 
gram pos - strep, MSSA
anaerobic infections (oral anaerobes, B. fragilis)
65
Q

you should not consume what when taking metronidazole?

A

alcohol

66
Q

vancomycin is used for what infections?

A

MRSA, strep, staph, maybe entero

gram positive oral anaerobes

67
Q

linezolid is used for what infections?

it’s the drug of choice for?

A

strept, staph, entero

vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE)

68
Q

daptomycin is used for what infections?

A

strep, staph, entero

69
Q

dalbavacin is used for what infections?

A

only MRSA

70
Q

oritavancin is used for what infections?

A

only MRSA

71
Q

tedizolid is used for what infections?

A

only MRSA

72
Q

trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole is used for what infections?

A

strep, MSSA
Enterobacteriaceae
oral anaerobes
e. coli causing UTI

73
Q

tetracycline, doxycycline, and minocycline are effective for what infections?

A 
respiratory infections
strep, MSSA
H. flu
oral anaerobes
atypical pathogens (legionella sp., chlamydia pneumoniae, and mycoplasma pneumoniae)
74
Q

tetracycline, doxycycline, and minocycline are considered ____ spectrum

A

broad

75
Q

tigecycline, eravacycline, and omadacycline are effective for what infections?

A

MRSA, VRE
entero, acinetobacter
true anaerobes
atypical pathogens (legionella sp., chlamydia pneumoniae, and mycoplasma pneumoniae)

76
Q

tigecycline, eravacycline, and omadacycline are considered ____ spectrum

A

broad

77
Q

name all the drugs that cover pseudomonas

A 
aminoglycosides
cipro, levo
ceftazidime, cefepime, ceftrozane/tazobactam
piperacillin, ticarcillin
aztreonam
imipenem, meropenem, doripenem
78
Q

name all the drugs that cover MRSA

A 
vancomycin
linezolid, tedizolid
daptomycin
ceftaroline
dalbavancin, oritavancin
tigecycline, omadacycline, eravacycline
delafloxacin
79
Q

name all the drugs that cover true anaerobes

A 
metronidazole
carbapenems
moxifloxacin
clindamycin
cefoxitin/cefotetan

Infectious Diseases (20 decks)

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