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Infectious Diseases > Aminoglycosides and Tetracyclines > Flashcards

Aminoglycosides and Tetracyclines Flashcards

1
Q

Which antibiotics inhibit protein synthesis?

A 
streptogramins
aminoglycosides
tetracyclines
macrolides
lincosamides
oxazolidinones
chloramphenicol
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2
Q

where do chloramphenicol antibiotics bind to on ribosome?

what does it inhibit?

A

50S

formation of peptide bond

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3
Q

where do erythromycin antibiotics bind to on ribosome?

what does it inhibit?

A

50S

prevents translocation

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4
Q

where do streptomycin antibiotics bind to on ribosome?

what does it do?

A

30S

causes code of mRNA to be read incorrectly

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5
Q

where do tetracyclines antibiotics bind to on ribosome?

what does it interfere with?

A

30S

attachment of tRNA to mRNA-ribosome complex

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6
Q

list all antibiotics that bind to the 30S ribosomal subunit

A 
spectinomycin
tetracycline (two different locations)
pactamycin
hygromycin B
streptomycin
paromomycin
geneticin
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7
Q

list all antibiotics that bind to the 50S ribosomal subunit

A 
thiostrepton
avilamycin
streptogramin A and B
chloramphenicol
puromycin
pleuromutilins
lincosamides
macrolides
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8
Q

T/F aminoglycosides are typically natural products

A

True

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9
Q

aminoglycosides are isolated from what bacterial class?

A

actinomycetes

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10
Q

which two actinomycetes are used to create aminoglycosides?

A

streptomyces and micromonospora

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11
Q

aminoglycosides ending in ___ are streptomyces

A

mycin

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12
Q

aminoglycosides ending in ___ are micromonospora

A

micin

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13
Q

what is the active component of S. griseus that is effective against M. tuberculosis (bacteria causing TB)

A

streptomycin

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14
Q

T/F streptomycin was on of the first effective drugs to treat TB

A

true

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15
Q

is streptomycin used against anareobic/aerobic gram +? gram -? both?

A

aerobic gram -

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16
Q

what is the central structural component of aminoglycosides?

A

aminocyclitol ring

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17
Q

what structure is found in every aminoglycoside except for streptomycin?

A

2-deoxystreptamine

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18
Q

T/F aminoglycosides are usually given orally

A

False, given IM or IV

19
Q

how are aminoglycosides transported inside the bacteria?

A

actively transported across the cell membrane by O2-dependent transport system

20
Q

T/F Low pH and anaerobic conditions inhibit transport of aminoglycosides

A

True

21
Q

where do aminoglycosides bind to on the 30S ribosomal subunit?
what do they inhibit?

A

16S rRNA

irreversibly inhibit protein biosynthesis and causes misreading of rRNA

22
Q

Gentamicin targets what bacteria?

what family is it a part of?

A

Ps. aeruginosa and other gram - bacteria

Gentamicin Family

23
Q

Kanamycin is used for?

what family is it a part of?

A

TB and dysentery

Kanamycin Family

24
Q

Amikacin targets what bacteria?

what family is it a part of?

A

Ps. aeruginosa and TB

Kanamycin Family

25
Q

Tobramycin is not used to treat what bacteria?
it is used to treat?
what family is it a part of?

A

TB
Ps. aeruginosa
Kanamycin Family

26
Q

Neomycin is a part of what family?

A

Neomycin Family

27
Q

Paromomycin is a part of what family?

it is used to treat?

A

Neomycin Family

amoebic dysentery

28
Q

gentamicin family are produced by streptomyces or micromonospora?

A

micromonospora

29
Q

Gentamicin is used topically for?

A

burn patients

30
Q

Gentamicin is inhaled to treat?

A

cystic fibrosis

31
Q

what side effect is a major problem with the use of Kanamycin?

A

ototoxicity

32
Q

T/F neomycin is given orally and topically

A

True

33
Q

what are the three ways bacteria develop resistance to the Aminoglycosides?

A
  1. Decrease Drug Uptake or Accumulation
  2. Alter Ribosomal Structure
  3. Aminoglycoside Modifying Enzymes (AMEs)
34
Q

what are the three Aminoglycoside Modifying Enzymes (AMEs)?

A

Aminoglycoside O-Phosphotransferases (APH)
Aminoglycoside O-Nucleotidyltransferases (ANT)
Aminoglycoside N-Acetyltransferases (AAC)

35
Q

Tetracyclines were produced by what strain of bacteria?

A

streptomyces

36
Q

Tetracyclines are active against gram +? gram -?

A

both

37
Q

what metal ion is required to allow tetracyclines to enter into gram - cells?

A

Mg2+

38
Q

T/F Tetracyclines may increase the potency of birth control pills

A

False, may make them less effective

39
Q

whats the name of the first tetracycline isolated?

A

Chlortetracycline

40
Q

how is tetracycline made?

A

Produced by catalytic hydrogenation of chlortetracycline

41
Q

what is the most frequently prescribed tetracycline?

A

Doxycycline

42
Q

which tetracycline is best absorbed and has the longest half life?

A

Minocycline

43
Q

how is tigecycline given?

A

injected only

44
Q

what are the four mechanisms of resistance for tetracycline?

A

1) Enzymatic inactivation
2) Target modification
3) Energy-dependent efflux mechanism
4) Ribosomal protection proteins

Infectious Diseases (20 decks)

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