Imperialism in Africa

Question 1

Scramble for Africa

Answer 1

African resources + competition between European powers → Complete colonization of Africa (except for Liberia + Ethiopia)

Question 2

Leopold II

Answer 2

King of Belgium; Wanted to establish colony in Congo Basin; Established Congo Free State; Exposed for his brutality

Question 3

Congo Free State

Answer 3

European colony in Congo; Abuses + forced labor of indigenous people

Question 4

Materials in Congo

Answer 4

Natural rubber from forest trees - desired by industrialized nations due to automobiles

Question 5

South Africa

Answer 5

Colonization started by Dutch East India Company; Settlers moved inland - area under white settlers expanded → Disturbed natives

Question 6

Boers → Afrikaners

Answer 6

Settlers of South Africa; European migrants fleeing religious persecution

Question 7

Motive for South Africa colonization

Answer 7

Believed God had predestined them to take over the people + resources of the Cape

Question 8

Khoikhoi + Xhosa

Answer 8

Indigenous peoples decimated by competition for land with Afrikaners in South Africa; Extinct due to slavery + warfare + smallpox

Question 9

Great Trek

Answer 9

Migration of Afrikaners after British took control of Cape from Dutch; Toward East

Question 10

Conflict between British + Afrikaners

Answer 10

British established English laws + abolition of slavery

Question 11

Voortrekkers

Answer 11

Afrikaner pioneers; Thought expansion as God approved their dominance in South Africa; Create independent republics

Question 12

South African War / Boer War

Answer 12

Afrikaners vs. British over Afrikaner land (diamonds + gold) → British victory + thousands of Afrikaner + British-African deaths → Union of South Africa

Question 13

Cause of Berlin West Africa Conference

Answer 13

British occupation of Egypt and interest in Suez Canal

Question 14

Berlin West Africa Conference

Answer 14

Devised rules among European powers when claiming African lands → Avoid war; Notify other powers of claims; “effective occupation”

Question 15

Effective occupation

Answer 15

No territory could be formally claimed prior to being directly ruled and administered by the colonial power

Question 16

Objectives for colonized lands

Answer 16

End slave trade; Extend civilization + Christianity; Increase trade

Question 17

Cecil John Rhodes

Answer 17

Got rich off exploiting Africans to mine diamonds in South Africa → support British imperialism across world

Question 18

Omdurman

Answer 18

Battle where British used superior military technology weapons to defeat huge Sudanese force with little casualties → British colonization of Sudan

Question 19

Ethiopia

Answer 19

Only indigenous African state to resist colonization successfully

Question 20

Liberia

Answer 20

Only African state to remain independent (including Ethiopia)

Question 21

Materials in Central Africa

Answer 21

Copper

Question 22

British occupation of Egypt

Answer 22

Protect Suez Canal

Question 23

David Livingstone

Answer 23

Explorers who have 3 publicized trips to Africa; Spread Christianity

Question 24

Henry Morton Stanley

Answer 24

Sent to go find Livingstone after missing on 3rd trip; Highly publicized

Question 25

Frederick D. Lugard

Answer 25

Driving force of indirect rule;