Imperialism Changes Flashcards
Global trade
Increased - mostly to colonial powers who exported raw materials to industrialized societies
Economic changes
India’s textile industry; Ceylon + India’s intro. to tea
India’s cotton industry
Increased production + export; Built railroads for transportation; Sold back inexpensive British textiles; Value of cotton exports grew
Ceylon + India
Tea trees introduced by British; Destroyed rainforests to create tea plantations - satisfy European demand; Labor-intensive work for Ceylonese women
Malaya + Sumatra
Rubber trees introduced by British; Establish plantations to meet demands
European Migrations
Migrants went to temperate lands as free cultivators or industrial laborers; Herders; Some indentured
Asia + Africa + Pacific Island Migrations
Migrants went to tropical + subtropical lands as indentured laborers (plantations) / manual laborers (mines+construction)
Indentured labor
Needed due to decline in slavery; From dense areas; Mostly from India
Indentured labor trade
Started with British + French sending Indian laborers to sugar plantations
How were European migrations possible?
Settler societies in far regions
What made migrations of indentured laborers possible?
Colonial officials recruited + dispatched workers
What were common causes of resistance in settler colonies?
Corruption and tyranny + European schools and curricula + high taxes + restrictions on crops and industries
How did traditional religious beliefs influence colonial rebellions?
Many rebellions drew strength from traditional religious beliefs and aimed to reinstate old leaders
What forms of small-scale resistance were common in colonies?
Boycotting European goods, forming political parties and pressure groups, publishing anti-colonial materials, and opposing colonial policies through religion
What caused conflict in multicultural societies like Hawaii during colonial times?
Diverse labor migration led to cultural diffusion but also strong linguistic, religious, and cultural differences, creating tensions between workers + supervisors + themselves
Main sources of labor migration to Hawaii
Labor migrants came from China, Japan, Portugal, the Philippines, Korea, and Pacific Islands, forming ethnically distinct communities
Scientific racism
Superiority of European race proven through “science”; Justify imperialism
Joseph Arthur de Gobineau
Race is the most important factor in human potential - divided humans into 4 groups
The Origin of Species
Written by Charles Darwin; Claimed all species evolved through competition
Charles Darwin
“Survival of the fittest”; Species that adapt well thrive, those that don’t go extinct; Darwinists applied this to human society
Herbert Spencer
Use theories of evolution to explain differences between strong + weak - successful competed better + gained more power naturally; Justify domination of European imperialists over subject people as inevitable result of natural selection
Popular racism
Non-European cultures were portrayed as “savage”; Europeans used this portrayal to justify the “civilizing mission,” claiming to bring progress, education, and Christianity.
