Ideologies Flashcards
Causes of these Ideologies
Atlantic revolutions
Causes of conservatism
Challenges of American + France revolutions
Liberalism
Criticized status / social standing after Revolutions; Need to improve society and extend rights to women + slaves
Liberalists’ attitude on government
Want to get government out of their lives; Believes government is the greatest threat to freedom; Minimum government intervention → Lots of opportunity for capitalism
What did liberalism result in?
Constitutional governments based on popular sovereignty
Which group of people would best support liberalism?
Middle class people who wanted property rights but not government interference + Working class (want to be free from the middle class)
Liberalists’ view on progress
Society is possible to improve and that change is likely to be positive
What do liberalists like?
Freedom of speech, religion, thought, economy; Rights to Life, Liberty, Property; Individual rights to property
What don’t liberalists like?
Absolute Monarchy; Mercantilism → tariffs; Cities owning rights to property
Conservatism
Ideology that seeks to promote and preserve traditional institutions, customs, and values - Justify current state of affairs
Which group of people would best support conservatism?
Aristocracy because they wanted to keep as much power as possible, with the smallest amount of change
What do conservatists like?
Government based on old customs + traditions (England society became good without a revolution); Slow changes - Supported American revolution → Americans were fighting for their rights + establishing a government that protects their rights (not radical change)
What don’t conservatists like?
Revolutionary change; Popular sovereignty; French revolution → dislikes abolitionists (too radical) because legally, slaves were property (property is natural right) and this would uproot gov; Radical social changes in class and tradition; Women’s rights
Capitalism / Free Market
People determines prices, not government
Which group of people would best support capitalism?
Merchants + Middle class / bourgeoisie (because they are the ones in control)
What do capitalists like?
Economic wealth and trade held more privately by people and corporations - Governments do not interfere in economic matters; Economic version of liberalism
Nationalism
Community identity - People think of themselves as members of a society; Isn’t related to Enlightenment values; Promised glory + prosperity to those who worked in the interest of their national communities
Causes of Nationalism
Winning wars against common enemies (French Revolution + Napoleonic Era) + Enlightenment ideals -> Nations
Nation
Made up of people with common ethnicity, religion, language, history, and culture
Most important aspect of a nation
Govern itself
Two phases of nationalism
Cultural -> Loyalty from members
Which group of people would best support nationalism?
Mostly people who identified with culture
Which group of people would not support nationalism?
Higher classes who were scared that nationalism could rip apart their power + create more wars
Zeitgeist
The spirit of a time
What did nationalists like?
Improvements within the nation
What did nationalists dislike?
Congress of Vienna + Klemens von Metternich - attempted to return power to nobles, reduce nationalism, but failed mostly; Minorities -oppressed as outsiders
Suffrage
Right / privilege to vote in order to elect public officials / adopt laws
Feminism
Belief in full social, economic, and political equality for women
Drawbacks of Nationalism
Nationalists separate themselves from people in other regions + minorities
Zionism
Movement where claims the Jewish people having a nation and right to their own national homeland
Cause of zionism
Divisive potential of nationalism
Anti-Semitism
A hateful perception of Jews; Often result in violence + massacres
Cause of Anti-Semitism
Growing influence of nationalism + national communities
Abolitionism
Movement to end slavery + liberate enslaved individuals around the world
Imperialism
When a country extends its power into other territories for economic or political gain
Socialism
Wanted to solve social + economic problems capitalism + industrialization
