Imperialism Flashcards
Direct rule
Control government using European personnel; French; Administrative districts controlled taxation, labor + military recruitment, maintenance of laws + order
Indirect rule
Only control economy + rule through existing Indigenous power structures; British (Frederick D. Lugard)
Motivations
Economic + Geopolitical motives
Economic motivations
Imperialism benefits both gov and individuals; Overseas colonies = reliable source of raw materials for industrialization + market for products + place for migrants
Geopolitical motivations
Strategic sea lanes + harbors for supplying ships; Desire for global power; Encourage nationalism
Cecil John Rhodes
Advocate of British imperialism across world due to getting rich off of exploiting Africans to mine diamonds in South Africa
Cultural Justifications
Some European missionaries believed their duty was to convert foreigners to Christianity - Imperialism helped; Some believed they had to make colonized peoples “civilized”
Mission civilisatrice
French justification for colonizing Africa + Asia; Belief that it was their duty to spread Western civilization, culture, and values to “less civilized” societies
Rudyard Kipling
Poet who defined the white man’s burden
White man’s burden
Duty of the white man to bring enlightenment to foreigners
Battle of Omduran
Battle between British + Sudan; 1st step to British colonial rule in Sudan; British used lots of military tech.
Military advantages
Firearms; Superior to less-advanced weapons → Defeat larger armies when imperializing
Communication Technologies
Fast communication with colonies → Europeans can respond to any troubles in colonies fast (military + economic); Steamships; Telegraph
Medical Technologies
Allowed Europeans to enter colonies without dying from diseases (Quinine)
Quinine
Malaria treatment; Came from “Jesuit bark” (cinchona bark); Obtained by missionaries in Peru
