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Modern World History > American Revolution > Flashcards

American Revolution Flashcards

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1
Q

Causes

A

Tax laws passed by British parliament due to economic burden after 7 Years War + Mercantilism

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2
Q

What are the Acts that British parliament passed to the colonists?

A

Sugar Act; Stamp Act; Townshend Act; Tea Act; Quartering Act

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3
Q

Why didn’t the colonists agree to the tax laws?

A

Parliament did not get consent of the colonists before making policies for them; They were British citizens so they are protected by British laws

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4
Q

What influenced the response of the colonists?

A

Right that English monarchy cannot govern without Parliament’s consent (making taxes)

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5
Q

What is the popular slogan of the colonists?

A

“no taxation without representation”

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6
Q

How did the colonists respond to the taxes?

A

Boycotted British products; Physical attacks to officials; Protests (Boston tea party); Organized Continental Congress

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7
Q

Continental Congress

A

Governing body where colonists coordinated their resistance to British policies across 13 colonies

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8
Q

Declaration of Independence

A

Claimed colonies an independent state; States that “all men are created equal” + have “unalienable rights” which are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness

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9
Q

What Enlightenment ideas did the DoI use?

A

John Locke’s contractual theory of government = Individuals create government to ensure their rights + government derived their power from the “consent of the governed”

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10
Q

What happens to the government if it take away the natural rights of its citizens?

A

Alter / abolish it - Crease a new government

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11
Q

Participants

A

Colonists (Loyalists + Quakers + Native Americans) + French vs British Parliament / government

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12
Q

What group of people started this revolution and why?

A

Educated European males because they wanted independence for political + economic reasons

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13
Q

Loyalists

A

White colonists who remained loyal to the British monarchy

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14
Q

Quakers

A

Religious movement that tried to stay neutral in the revolution

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15
Q

Outcomes

A

British lost due to geographical factors

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16
Q

George Washington

A

Strong military leadership; Only slave-owning president who freed his slaves; Could’ve been an absolute monarch but chose not to

17
Q

Guerilla tactics

A

Employed by local militias; Tactics that avoiding head-on confrontations - engage in limited skirmishes with goal of exhausting and forcing enemies to withdraw

18
Q

Why did the French help the colonists?

A

Revenge against British for 7 Years war

19
Q

How did the French help the colonists?

A

Provide them with sums of money + naval and army support

20
Q

Constitution

A

Emphasized rights of individuals; Government based on popular sovereignty

21
Q

What did the constitution guarantee individuals?

A

Liberties (freedom of speech, press, religion)

22
Q

What Enlightenment ideas did the Constitution use?

A

Voltaire’s ideals on freedoms (Bill of Rights)
JJR’s idea of power derived from the governed: “We the people” - Authority should designate with the citizens

23
Q

Who was able to have all these rights?

A

White men of property

24
Q

Who didn’t get political + legal equality?

A

Landless men, women, enslaved people, and enslaved people

25
Q

Bill of Rights + Enlightenment impact

A

Amendment I: Freedom of speech… (Voltaire)
Amendment 11: Certain rights shall not be denied to people (Locke)

26
Q

Extent of change

A

Sought independence from British rule but kept British law + social / cultural heritage

27
Q

Thomas Jefferson

A

Wrote Declaration of Independence - Copied John Locke

28
Q

Mercantilism influence

A

Colonists wanted free market for cod instead of mercantilism from England bc they couldn’t support the massive amount of production

29
Q

What did this revolution lead to?

A

Political independence + Individual freedoms + Legal equality of adult white men

Modern World History (14 decks)

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