Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Basic Pharmacology > Immunosuppressive Drugs > Flashcards

Immunosuppressive Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

what are immunosuppressants characterized by?

A

narrow therapeutic window requiring precise dosing and close side-effect monitoring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are some things that we will treat immunosuppressive drugs with?

A

IMHA
ITP
IBD
IMPA
allergic/autoimmune dermatitis
glomerulonephritis
canine chronic hepatitis
SLE
immune-mediated neutropenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what do you need to think about with secondary immune deviation?

A

treat underlying disease if possible
immunosuppression often not indicated if infection present
identified disease may influence prognosis and owners’ willingness to pursue treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

which group of drugs has the most wide-ranging immune effects?

A

glucocorticoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the glucocorticoid mechanism of action?

A

inhibit phospholipase A2 and arachidonic acid cascade
inhibit NF-kB decreasing cytokine production
decrease macrophage phagocytosis
inhibit complement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

who is azathioprine used in?

A

dogs
horses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is azathioprine?

A

purine antagonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how is azathioprine ingested/metabolized?

A

antimetabolite converted to active metabolite: 6-mercaptopurine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the main adverse effects of azathiopurine?

A

myelosuppression
hepatotoxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

why is azathiopurine not safe in cats?

A

low thiopurine methyltransferase activity: low safety margin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is cyclosporine?

A

calcineurin inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how do we do therapeutic drug monitoring with cyclosporine (and other drugs usually)?

A

measure PK: blood concentrations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

true/false: there is a standard dose of cyclosporine to use for immunosuppression regardless of the presentation of the immune deviation

A

false: different degrees of immune suppression needed for different conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the main adverse effects of cyclosporine?

A

gastrointestinal upset
gingival hyperplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the main reported uses of cyclosporine?

A

transplantation
perianal fistulas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are some adverse effects that cyclosporine does not have?

A

not nephrotoxic
not myelotoxic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what can you combine cyclosporine with to reduce drug requirements for perianal fistulas?

A

ketoconazole: CYP3A inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase needed for?

A

de novo synthesis of purines

19
Q

what are the main adverse effects of mycophenolate?

A

dose limiting GI toxicity
anorexia
diarrhea
hematochezia

20
Q

what is the cytotoxic drug of choice in cats?

A

chlorambucil

21
Q

_______________ is the slowest acting and least toxic alkylating agent

A

chlorambucil

22
Q

what is chlorambucil used to treat mainly in cats?

A

inflammatory bowel disease
lymphoma

23
Q

what is the main adverse effect of chlorambucil?

A

myelosuppression
reversible, dose dependent

24
Q

what is oclacitinib (apoquel)?

A

janus kinase inhibitor
decreases inflammatory cytokines like IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-13, IL-31

25
Q

what is oclacitinib approved for?

A

treatment of inflammatory skin disease in dogs

26
Q

what does cytopoint do?

A

neutralizes soluble IL-31 and stops its role in causing inflammation and itch

27
Q

who, if anyone, is cytopoint approved by?

A

USDA: not FDA
biologic, not a drug

28
Q

what is cytopoint?

A

caninized anti-IL-31 monoclonal antibody

29
Q

what cells are potentially involved in immune diseases?

A

mast cells
phagocytes
complement
T lymphocytes
B lymphocytes

30
Q

what cells does cyclosporine immunosuppress?

A

T cells

31
Q

what is the prednisone dosing for dogs for anti-inflammatory and immunsuppressive?

A

anti-inflammatory: 1 mg/kg
immunosuppressive: 2 mg/kg

32
Q

what are the adverse effects associated with glucocorticoids?

A

pu/pd
muscle weakness/atrophy
polyphagia
hepatic effects
hypercoagulability
behavioral changes
calcinosis cutis
diabetogenic
risk of CHF (more in cats)

33
Q

what enzyme converts azathioprine to its inactive metabolites?

A

thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT)

34
Q

what are the adverse effects of azathiopurine?

A

myelosuppression
GI upset
pancreatitis
hepatotoxicity
neuromuscular blockade: cats

35
Q

how is cyclosporine given? modified or not?

A

modified

36
Q

is cyclosporine used for glomerulonephritis?

A

no

37
Q

what does mycophenolate mofetil inhibit?

A

inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase: IMPDH

38
Q

who is mycophenolate mofetil primarily used in?

A

dogs

39
Q

what is mycophenolate mofetil used in?

A

glomerulonephritis
IMHA
ITP
IMPA
MUE
myasthenia gravis

40
Q

what cells does mycophenolatem azathioprine, and chlorambucil target?

A

lymphocytes

41
Q

what is the greater effect of azathioprine?

A

T cell mediated responses than humoral immunity

42
Q

what does decreased function of thiopurine methyltransferase lead to?

A

increased myelosuppression

43
Q

what are the adverse effects of chlorambucil?

A

myelosuppression
GI upset
neurologic signs
Fanconi syndrome

Basic Pharmacology (37 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions