Behavior Modifying Drugs Flashcards
what drug classes are used for behavior modification?
antipsychotics
anxiolytics
nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics
antidepressants
what is an antipsychotic used for behavior modification?
acepromazine
how does acepromazine modify behavior?
noise phobia
reduces attendance to environmental stimuli
sedation
how does acepromazine produce sedation?
inhibits postsynaptic central dopaminergic receptors (D2)
what does acepromazine do peripherally?
blocks binding of norepinephrine to alpha1 adrenergic receptors: peripheral vasodilation
what receptor does acepromazine impact? antagonist or agonist?
D2 antagonist
what are the adverse effects of antipsychotics?
catalepsy: immobility, increased muscle tone, abnormal postures
motor side effects
penile prolapse in horses
what class of drugs are anxiolytics?
benzodiazepines: anxiety, sedation
how do benzodiazepines work?
increase the frequency of the chloride ion channel
what receptor do benzodiazepines interact with?
GABAa
where are GABAa receptors found?
mostly in cerebral cortex, very few outside of the CNS
what class do benzodiazepines have a synergistic effect with?
barbituates
what are the adverse effects of anxiolytics?
sedation
ataxia
muscle relaxation
increased appetite
paradoxical excitation
memory deficits
disinhibition (aggression?)
tolerance
human abuse liability
what are the nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics?
zaleplon (sonata)
eszopiclone (lunesta)
zolpidem (ambien)
what class of drugs is rapid onset, short duration of action, and rapid recovery?
nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics
what do nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics do?
potentiates action of GABA, only at specific GABAa receptors
do nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics have muscle relaxation or anticonvulsant effects?
no
what are the adverse effects of nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics?
very little known
maybe vocalization, restlessness, anxiety, dysphoria, rage reaction, excitement, muscle spasticity, hyperreflexia
what drug groups belong under the antidepressant category?
tricyclic antidepressants
SSRIs
MAOIs
what do antidepressants do?
antianxiety
increase levels of neurotransmitters: 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) and norepinephrine
what are antidepressants used to treat?
anxiety
repetitive behaviors
separation anxiety
self-trauma
aggression
compulsive behaviors
dominance-type or impulsive aggression
cats: spraying, aggression, compulsive behavior
what are the adverse effects of antidepressants?
mild sedation
gastrointestinal side affects
antihistamine effects
anticholinergic effects
decrease seizure threshold
anorexia
why are antidepressants contraindicated in glaucoma or keratoconjunctivitis sicca?
anticholinergic effects: dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention
