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Basic Pharmacology > Autacoids > Flashcards

Autacoids Flashcards

1
Q

what do autacoids do?

A

act like local hormones: brief duration, act near site of synthesis

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2
Q

what are two common things included in autacoids?

A

histamine
antihistamines

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3
Q

which species have high histamine in tissues?

A

goat and rabbit

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4
Q

what are the two general stores of histamine?

A

mast cell pool (mast cells and basophils)
non-mast cell pool

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5
Q

what does histamine release mediate?

A

vasodilation
itching
smooth muscle contraction
edema

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6
Q

how do guinea pigs respond to histamine release?

A

bronchial constriction and death (like dogs and humans)

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7
Q

what does histamine and anaphylaxis produce in carnivores?

A

hypotension and hepatomegaly

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8
Q

what does histamine do in the GI tract?

A

potent stimulant of hydrochloric acid secretion by gastric mucosa

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9
Q

what does the H1 receptor do?

A

anaphylaxis
inflammation
allergies
adverse drug reactions
pruritus

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10
Q

what does the H2 receptor do?

A

regulates gastric secretion
some inflammation

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11
Q

what does the H3 receptor do?

A

neurotransmitter release from neurons

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12
Q

H1 antagonists are ________________________

A

inverse agonists/antagonists/?

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13
Q

what do H1 antagonists do?

A

counter the effects of histamine on bronchial, intestinal, uterine, and vascular smooth muscle
suppress itching
allergic reactions and anaphylaxis

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14
Q

what do H2 antagonists do?

A

block gastric stimulating effects of histamine

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15
Q

what does heparin do?

A

anti hemostasis agent
antithrombotic and anticoagulation effects
potentiates action of antithrombin (AT)

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16
Q

what characterizes an arterial thrombosis?

A

disorders of high shear force and arterial injury
induce platelets to become activated
hypercoagulable state
clot is platelet rich
platelets embedded in fibrin
antiplatelet

17
Q

what drugs potentially release histamine as an adverse effect?

A

curare
morphine
codeine
papaverine
meperidine
polypeptide antibiotics
atropine

18
Q

what histamine receptor plays a part in immunomodulation?

A

H4

19
Q

how does H4 immunomodulate?

A

immune cell chemotaxis
immune response
inflammation

20
Q

_________ is the predominant enzyme found in platelets

A

COX-1

21
Q

what are some antiplatelet drugs?

A

aspirin
clopidogrel

22
Q

in which disease processes are fibrinolytic agents considered?

A

feline arterial thromboembolism
canine pulmonary thromboembolism

23
Q

what are some things included in autacoids?

A

eicosanoids
angiotensin
neurotensin
NO
kinins
histamine
serotonin
endothelin
palmioylethanolamide

24
Q

histamine is high in ________________, low in ____________________

A

goat and rabbit
horse, dog, cat, and human

25
Q

what is the non-mast cell pool of histamine?

A

gastrointestinal tract
CNS
dermis
other organs

26
Q

what histamines are in the mast cell pool?

A

those that participate in inflammatory responses, allergic phenomena, shock, adverse drug reactions, and other forms of cellular insult/tissue damage

27
Q

what type of response does release of histamine result in in rabbits?

A

pulmonary arterioles constrict
right heart dilates

28
Q

what type of physical injuries elicit a histamine release?

A

skin lesions
urtication
dermal reaction due to cold or heat

29
Q

what does histamine in the non-mast cell pool elicit from sensory nerve endings?

A

itching and pain

30
Q

what is the intracellular signal cascade of H1 receptors?

A

Ca increase
phospholipase C
NFkB

31
Q

what differentiates second generation H1 antagonists?

A

lack antimuscarinic properties and do not cross blood-brain barrier

32
Q

what are the side effects of antihistamines- H1 antagonists?

A

relatively nontoxic
sedation or CNS excitement, GI disturbances, parasympatholytic action, local anesthetic properties, allergenic properties, teratogenic effects

33
Q

what are H2 antagonists used for?

A

to prevent and treat gastric ulceration

34
Q

how is heparin reversed?

A

protamine sulfate

35
Q

what is heparin used to treat?

A

hypercoagulability disorders/coagulation disorders
thromboembolism, venous thrombosis, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, pulmonary thromboembolism

36
Q

what is important about warfarin and coumarin derivatives?

A

inactive in vitro: need liver

37
Q

what do warfarin and coumarin derivatives do?

A

inhibit blood coagulation mechanisms: hepatic synthesis of vitamin K dependent clotting factors

38
Q

__________ is an antiplatelet prodrug

A

clopidogrel

Basic Pharmacology (37 decks)

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