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Basic Pharmacology > Antifungals and Antivirals > Flashcards

Antifungals and Antivirals Flashcards

1
Q

what are some common dermatophyte topical agents?

A

lime-sulfur
azoles (clotrimazole, miconazole, ketonazole, itraconazole)

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2
Q

what are some common dermatophyte systemic agents?

A

azoles
terbinafine
griseofulvin

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3
Q

itraconazole is the first-line recommended treatment for ________ it has product approved for this purpose

A

cats

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4
Q

what is griseofulvin effective on?

A

dermatophytes

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5
Q

what are some important adverse effects of griseofulvin?

A

hematologic: bone marrow suppression, cats more prone to this
teratogen
not for use in food animals: possible carcinogen

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6
Q

what does amphotericin B do?

A

interrupts sterol (ergosterol) synthesis in cell membrane of fungus resulting in leaky membranes

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7
Q

what is the major side effect of amphotericin B?

A

nephrotoxicity

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8
Q

why would you use liposomal amphotericin B?

A

liposomal encapsulation prevents damage to the kidney

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9
Q

what are some common azoles?

A

ketoconazole
itraconazole
fluconazole

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10
Q

what do azoles impair?

A

synthesis of ergosterol

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11
Q

what are the primary adverse effects of ketoconazole?

A

gastrointestinal
rare hepatotoxicity

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12
Q

what is important to think about with ketoconazole and other drugs?

A

P450 enzyme inhibitor: drug interactions

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13
Q

what is the antifungal of choice for CNS and eye?

A

fluconazole

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14
Q

what is terbinafine used for?

A

dermatophytes and systemic mycoses

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15
Q

what is one use of systemic iodides?

A

Actinobacillus lignieressii: woody tongue in cattle

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16
Q

voriconazole is more active against _______________

A

Aspergillus

17
Q

what is amantadine banned from?

A

ELDU in chickens, turkeys, ducks (avian influenza resistance concerns)
no approved use
banned from use in animals in Europe

17
Q

what are some systemic agents for treating dermatophyte infections?

A

azoles
terbinafine

18
Q

what is the first-line recommended treatment for cats with dermatophyte infections?

A

itraconazole

19
Q

who are more prone to bone marrow suppression with griseofulvin and what may increase the likelihood of it happening?

A

cats
FeLV or FIV infection

20
Q

what is used topically for the treatment of nasal aspergillosis and is active against dermatophytes and yeast?

A

clotrimazole
yeast: Malassezia, Candida

21
Q

what are the categories of common antifungal agents used to treat systemic mycoses?

A

polyenes
azoles
iodides

22
Q

what is one polyene?

A

amphotericin B

23
Q

what are some azoles used to treat systemic mycoses?

A

ketoconazole
itraconazole
fluconazole

24
Q

what is one iodide used to treat systemic mycoses?

A

sodium and potassium iodine

25
Q

what is amphotericin B useful for?

A

systemic candidal infections and most systemic mycoses

26
Q

what is often resistant to amphotericin B?

A

aspergillus

27
Q

what are azoles useful for?

A

systemic candidal infections and most systemic mycoses

28
Q

what is a common potential adverse effect with azoles?

A

potentially hepatotoxicity

29
Q

what is the tissue penetration of itraconazole like?

A

better, but still often subtherapeutic in CNS

30
Q

how hepatotoxic is itraconazole?

A

more than ketoconazole
also more expensive

31
Q

is itraconazole effective against aspergillus?

A

yes

32
Q

which antifungal enters the urine at therapeutic concentrations?

A

fluconazole

33
Q

how hepatotoxic is fluconazole?

A

less hepatotoxic
also less expensive

34
Q

what systemic mycoses are terbinafine used for?

A

Aspergillus
Blastomyces/Histoplasma
Sporothrix
Cryptococcus
Candida

35
Q

what is terbinafine often used with?

A

azole therapy

36
Q

what is responsive to iodide therapy?

A

only sporotrichosis

37
Q

what is an adverse effect of iodides?

A

signs of iodinism if overdose: lacrimation, coughing, dermatitis

Basic Pharmacology (37 decks)

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