Antifungals and Antivirals Flashcards
what are some common dermatophyte topical agents?
lime-sulfur
azoles (clotrimazole, miconazole, ketonazole, itraconazole)
what are some common dermatophyte systemic agents?
azoles
terbinafine
griseofulvin
itraconazole is the first-line recommended treatment for ________ it has product approved for this purpose
cats
what is griseofulvin effective on?
dermatophytes
what are some important adverse effects of griseofulvin?
hematologic: bone marrow suppression, cats more prone to this
teratogen
not for use in food animals: possible carcinogen
what does amphotericin B do?
interrupts sterol (ergosterol) synthesis in cell membrane of fungus resulting in leaky membranes
what is the major side effect of amphotericin B?
nephrotoxicity
why would you use liposomal amphotericin B?
liposomal encapsulation prevents damage to the kidney
what are some common azoles?
ketoconazole
itraconazole
fluconazole
what do azoles impair?
synthesis of ergosterol
what are the primary adverse effects of ketoconazole?
gastrointestinal
rare hepatotoxicity
what is important to think about with ketoconazole and other drugs?
P450 enzyme inhibitor: drug interactions
what is the antifungal of choice for CNS and eye?
fluconazole
what is terbinafine used for?
dermatophytes and systemic mycoses
what is one use of systemic iodides?
Actinobacillus lignieressii: woody tongue in cattle
voriconazole is more active against _______________
Aspergillus
what is amantadine banned from?
ELDU in chickens, turkeys, ducks (avian influenza resistance concerns)
no approved use
banned from use in animals in Europe
what are some systemic agents for treating dermatophyte infections?
azoles
terbinafine
what is the first-line recommended treatment for cats with dermatophyte infections?
itraconazole
who are more prone to bone marrow suppression with griseofulvin and what may increase the likelihood of it happening?
cats
FeLV or FIV infection
what is used topically for the treatment of nasal aspergillosis and is active against dermatophytes and yeast?
clotrimazole
yeast: Malassezia, Candida
what are the categories of common antifungal agents used to treat systemic mycoses?
polyenes
azoles
iodides
what is one polyene?
amphotericin B
what are some azoles used to treat systemic mycoses?
ketoconazole
itraconazole
fluconazole
what is one iodide used to treat systemic mycoses?
sodium and potassium iodine
what is amphotericin B useful for?
systemic candidal infections and most systemic mycoses
what is often resistant to amphotericin B?
aspergillus
what are azoles useful for?
systemic candidal infections and most systemic mycoses
what is a common potential adverse effect with azoles?
potentially hepatotoxicity
what is the tissue penetration of itraconazole like?
better, but still often subtherapeutic in CNS
how hepatotoxic is itraconazole?
more than ketoconazole
also more expensive
is itraconazole effective against aspergillus?
yes
which antifungal enters the urine at therapeutic concentrations?
fluconazole
how hepatotoxic is fluconazole?
less hepatotoxic
also less expensive
what systemic mycoses are terbinafine used for?
Aspergillus
Blastomyces/Histoplasma
Sporothrix
Cryptococcus
Candida
what is terbinafine often used with?
azole therapy
what is responsive to iodide therapy?
only sporotrichosis
what is an adverse effect of iodides?
signs of iodinism if overdose: lacrimation, coughing, dermatitis
