Fluoroquinolones Flashcards
what is the distribution of fluoroquinolones?
wide: all tissues including CNS and prostate
where do fluoroquinolones concentrate?
leukocytes
what is lipid solubility dependent on of fluoroquinolones?
pH: lipid soluble at physiologic pH
how are fluoroquinolones excreted?
primarily renal filtration and secretion
why are fluoroquinolones the choice for prostatitis?
concentrate in urine with penetration also to prostate
how do flluoroquinolones have a bactericidal effect?
inhibition of bacterial DNA gyrase or topoisomerase IV: prevent DNA supercoiling and replication
cell respiration and division end, along with other processes: interupt membrane integrity
how is resistance usually developed?
chromosomally
what are the common agents that are fluoroquinolones?
enrofloxacin
marbofolxacin
pradofloxacin
why is enrofloxacin widely used in exotic animals and wildlife?
minimal anaerobic spectrum
at what doses of enrofloxacin is retinotoxicity identified in cats?
> 5mg/kg/day
what is ABCG2?
transporter that does not efflux fluoroquinolones from the retina
are fluoroquinolones concentration dependent or time dependent?
concentration
AUC/MIC ratio
what is an important side effect of fluoroquinolones that is more likely in young animals?
arthropathy
dose-dependent and species dependent
are fluoroquinolones bactericidal or bacteriostatic?
bactericidal
what fluoroquinolone is not recommended because it has poor absorption?
marbofloxacin
who is pradofloxacin approved for in the US?
cats
what generation is pradofloxacin?
third generation
what is the four quadrant coverage of enrofloxacin?
E. coli: ++
Staphylococcus: ++
Streptococcus: -
anaerobe: -
what is the four quadrant coverage of pradofloxacin?
E. coli: ++
Staphylococcus: ++
Streptococcus: +
anaerobe: +
what are the adverse effects of fluoroquinolones?
minimal anaerobic spectrum: widely used in exotics and wildlife
arthropathy: dose-dependent
what species are more susceptible to arthropathy from fluoroquinolones?
horse>dog>cat and cattle
young animals more
what is an adverse effect of enrofloxacin specifically?
retinotoxicity
cats
what is retinotoxicity in cats with enrofloxacin from?
ABCG2 transporter does not efflux fluoroquinolones from the retina
