Fluoroquinolones Flashcards

1
Q

what is the distribution of fluoroquinolones?

A

wide: all tissues including CNS and prostate

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2
Q

where do fluoroquinolones concentrate?

A

leukocytes

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3
Q

what is lipid solubility dependent on of fluoroquinolones?

A

pH: lipid soluble at physiologic pH

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4
Q

how are fluoroquinolones excreted?

A

primarily renal filtration and secretion

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5
Q

why are fluoroquinolones the choice for prostatitis?

A

concentrate in urine with penetration also to prostate

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6
Q

how do flluoroquinolones have a bactericidal effect?

A

inhibition of bacterial DNA gyrase or topoisomerase IV: prevent DNA supercoiling and replication
cell respiration and division end, along with other processes: interupt membrane integrity

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7
Q

how is resistance usually developed?

A

chromosomally

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8
Q

what are the common agents that are fluoroquinolones?

A

enrofloxacin
marbofolxacin
pradofloxacin

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9
Q

why is enrofloxacin widely used in exotic animals and wildlife?

A

minimal anaerobic spectrum

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10
Q

at what doses of enrofloxacin is retinotoxicity identified in cats?

A

> 5mg/kg/day

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11
Q

what is ABCG2?

A

transporter that does not efflux fluoroquinolones from the retina

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12
Q

are fluoroquinolones concentration dependent or time dependent?

A

concentration
AUC/MIC ratio

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13
Q

what is an important side effect of fluoroquinolones that is more likely in young animals?

A

arthropathy
dose-dependent and species dependent

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14
Q

are fluoroquinolones bactericidal or bacteriostatic?

A

bactericidal

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15
Q

what fluoroquinolone is not recommended because it has poor absorption?

A

marbofloxacin

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16
Q

who is pradofloxacin approved for in the US?

A

cats

17
Q

what generation is pradofloxacin?

A

third generation

18
Q

what is the four quadrant coverage of enrofloxacin?

A

E. coli: ++
Staphylococcus: ++
Streptococcus: -
anaerobe: -

19
Q

what is the four quadrant coverage of pradofloxacin?

A

E. coli: ++
Staphylococcus: ++
Streptococcus: +
anaerobe: +

20
Q

what are the adverse effects of fluoroquinolones?

A

minimal anaerobic spectrum: widely used in exotics and wildlife
arthropathy: dose-dependent

21
Q

what species are more susceptible to arthropathy from fluoroquinolones?

A

horse>dog>cat and cattle
young animals more

22
Q

what is an adverse effect of enrofloxacin specifically?

A

retinotoxicity
cats

23
Q

what is retinotoxicity in cats with enrofloxacin from?

A

ABCG2 transporter does not efflux fluoroquinolones from the retina