Immunology

Question 1

What are the four classes of pathogens?

Answer 1

1-Bacteria
2-viruses
3-fungi
4-parasites

Question 2

What are 3 common effector mechanisms?

Answer 2

1-Phagocytosis
2-Granule release
3-Targeted cell death

Question 3

Phagocytes, dendritic cells, complement and Natural killer cells are all part of which immunity branch?

Answer 3

Innate immunity

Question 4

B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes and effector T cells are all part of which immunity branch?

Answer 4

Adaptive immunity

Question 5

Phagocytosis and immune synapse (T cell mediated killing) are ________ interaction, while Cytokines, chemokines and cytotoxins are ________ interactions

Answer 5

Direct, indirect

Question 6

Which cytokines are inflammatory?

Answer 6

IL-1
IL-6
IL-8
TNF-Alpha

Question 7

Which cytokines are inhibitory?

Answer 7

IL-4
IL-10
IL-6
TGF-Beta

Question 8

What are three examples of cytotoxins?

Answer 8

Perforin
Granzyme
TNF-Alpha

Question 9

Myloid precursors give rise to what?

Answer 9

Mylocytes such as erythrocytes, mast cells, basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils, dendritic cells and macrophages

Question 10

Lymphoid precursors give rise to what?

Answer 10

Lymphocytes such as plasma cells(B cells), effector T cells, natural killer cells

Question 11

Myeloid and lymphoid precursors are known as what umbrella term?

Answer 11

leukocytes

Question 12

What is the leukocyte blood distribution percentage of Neutrophils?

Answer 12

40-75%

Question 13

What is the leukocyte blood distribution percentage of Eosinophils?

Answer 13

1-6%

Question 14

What is the leukocyte blood distribution percentage of Basophils?

Answer 14

less than 1%

Question 15

What is the leukocyte blood distribution percentage of Monocytes?

Answer 15

2-10%

Question 16

What is the leukocyte blood distribution percentage of Lymphocytes?

Answer 16

20-50%

Question 17

What are the two main kinds of antigen presenting cells?

Answer 17

Dendritic cells
Macrophages

*both are monocyte derivatives

Question 18

What two things to macrophages do?

Answer 18

1. phagocytosis/degrade pathogen

2. synthesis cytokines to induce inflammatory resposne

Question 19

Prominent at tissue boundaries, which cells release immune mediators and contain neurotransmitters as well as protease granules?

Answer 19

Mast Cells

Question 20

Incredibly rare acidic granule containing cells associated with parasites are called what?

Answer 20

Basophils

Question 21

Which cells contain basic granules and target helminth worms and intestinal parasites?

Answer 21

Eosinophils

Question 22

What do Natural killer cells target?

Answer 22

Cells that are stressed or are expressing non self antigens

Question 23

Fc receptors bind what?

Answer 23

antibodies

Question 24

MHC class I present __________. MHC class II, present only on professional antigen presenters, and MHC class one stimulate _________

Answer 24

self, T cell receptors

Question 25

Which antibody is most abundant?

Answer 25

IgG

Question 26

Which antibody is the first produced and released?

Answer 26

IgM

Question 27

Which antibody is secreted from mucosal glands?

Answer 27

IgA

Question 28

Which antibody is a B cell surface antibody?

Answer 28

IgD

Question 29

Which antibody is a basophil and mast cell surface antibody?

Answer 29

IgE

Question 30

What do Cytotoxic (CD8) T cells interact with?

Answer 30

MHC class I presenting altered self antigens

Question 31

What do Helper (CD4) T cells interact with?

Answer 31

MHC class II *also help to support other immune functions

Question 32

Which two organs are primary lymphoid organs?

Answer 32

- Bone marrow (B cells and hematopoietic stem cells) | - Thymus (T cells)

Question 33

WHich 3 organs are secondary lymphoid organs?

Answer 33

- Lymphoid system - Spleen - Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)

Question 34

What are the 8 steps of basic pathogen resolution? (takes roughly 2 weeks)

Answer 34

``` 1-Injury/pathogen infiltration 2-resident immune cell response 3-inflammatory response 4-innate pathogen targeting 5-pathogenic antigens presented in the lymph nodes 6-adaptive immunity initiated 7-ongoing immune response 8-memory cells formed ```