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Biochemisty > Immunology > Flashcards

Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four classes of pathogens?

A

1-Bacteria
2-viruses
3-fungi
4-parasites

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2
Q

What are 3 common effector mechanisms?

A

1-Phagocytosis
2-Granule release
3-Targeted cell death

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3
Q

Phagocytes, dendritic cells, complement and Natural killer cells are all part of which immunity branch?

A

Innate immunity

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4
Q

B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes and effector T cells are all part of which immunity branch?

A

Adaptive immunity

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5
Q

Phagocytosis and immune synapse (T cell mediated killing) are ________ interaction, while Cytokines, chemokines and cytotoxins are ________ interactions

A

Direct, indirect

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6
Q

Which cytokines are inflammatory?

A

IL-1
IL-6
IL-8
TNF-Alpha

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7
Q

Which cytokines are inhibitory?

A

IL-4
IL-10
IL-6
TGF-Beta

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8
Q

What are three examples of cytotoxins?

A

Perforin
Granzyme
TNF-Alpha

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9
Q

Myloid precursors give rise to what?

A

Mylocytes such as erythrocytes, mast cells, basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils, dendritic cells and macrophages

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10
Q

Lymphoid precursors give rise to what?

A

Lymphocytes such as plasma cells(B cells), effector T cells, natural killer cells

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11
Q

Myeloid and lymphoid precursors are known as what umbrella term?

A

leukocytes

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12
Q

What is the leukocyte blood distribution percentage of Neutrophils?

A

40-75%

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13
Q

What is the leukocyte blood distribution percentage of Eosinophils?

A

1-6%

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14
Q

What is the leukocyte blood distribution percentage of Basophils?

A

less than 1%

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15
Q

What is the leukocyte blood distribution percentage of Monocytes?

A

2-10%

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16
Q

What is the leukocyte blood distribution percentage of Lymphocytes?

A

20-50%

17
Q

What are the two main kinds of antigen presenting cells?

A

Dendritic cells
Macrophages

*both are monocyte derivatives

18
Q

What two things to macrophages do?

A
  1. phagocytosis/degrade pathogen

2. synthesis cytokines to induce inflammatory resposne

19
Q

Prominent at tissue boundaries, which cells release immune mediators and contain neurotransmitters as well as protease granules?

A

Mast Cells

20
Q

Incredibly rare acidic granule containing cells associated with parasites are called what?

A

Basophils

21
Q

Which cells contain basic granules and target helminth worms and intestinal parasites?

A

Eosinophils

22
Q

What do Natural killer cells target?

A

Cells that are stressed or are expressing non self antigens

23
Q

Fc receptors bind what?

A

antibodies

24
Q

MHC class I present __________. MHC class II, present only on professional antigen presenters, and MHC class one stimulate _________

A

self, T cell receptors

25
Q

Which antibody is most abundant?

A

IgG

26
Q

Which antibody is the first produced and released?

A

IgM

27
Q

Which antibody is secreted from mucosal glands?

A

IgA

28
Q

Which antibody is a B cell surface antibody?

A

IgD

29
Q

Which antibody is a basophil and mast cell surface antibody?

A

IgE

30
Q

What do Cytotoxic (CD8) T cells interact with?

A

MHC class I presenting altered self antigens

31
Q

What do Helper (CD4) T cells interact with?

A

MHC class II

*also help to support other immune functions

32
Q

Which two organs are primary lymphoid organs?

A
  • Bone marrow (B cells and hematopoietic stem cells)

- Thymus (T cells)

33
Q

WHich 3 organs are secondary lymphoid organs?

A
  • Lymphoid system
  • Spleen
  • Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
34
Q

What are the 8 steps of basic pathogen resolution? (takes roughly 2 weeks)

A 
1-Injury/pathogen infiltration
2-resident immune cell response
3-inflammatory response
4-innate pathogen targeting
5-pathogenic antigens presented in the lymph nodes
6-adaptive immunity initiated
7-ongoing immune response
8-memory cells formed

Biochemisty (23 decks)

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