Cell Genetics

Question 1

A region of DNA that is responsible for a single protein or RNA is called what?

Answer 1

Gene

*includes entire functional unit (introns, coding region, promoters etc)

Question 2

DNA wraps around what to form a nucleosome?

Answer 2

Histone

Question 3

DNA in its nucleosome form is referred to as what?

Answer 3

Chromatin

Question 4

What are the phases of the cell cycle?

Answer 4

• Go (cell cycle arrest)
• G1 (Cell components are duplicated)
• S (Chromosomes are duplicated)
• G2 (Double checks before division)

Question 5

Polymerizing new DNA strands is done by?

Answer 5

DNA polymerase

Question 6

Nicking DNA to relax the coiling is done by?

Answer 6

Topoisomerase

Question 7

RNA primers on lagging strands are made by?

Answer 7

DNA Primase

Question 8

Unwinding of DNA is done by?

Answer 8

Helicase

Question 9

What function allows some DNA polymerase to correct mistakes?

Answer 9

3’-5’ exonuclease activity

Question 10

What are the 5 Polymerases?

Answer 10

1- Pol a (alpha)
2-Pol B (beta)
3-Pol y (gamma)
4-Pol d (delta)
5-Pol e (epsilon)

Question 11

What does Pol alpha do?

Answer 11

RNA and/or DNA primers

Question 12

What does Pol Beta do?

Answer 12

Base-excision repair

Question 13

What does Pol Gamma do?

Answer 13

Mitochondrial DNA replication and repair

Question 14

What does Pol Delta do?

Answer 14

Laggin strand synthesis DNA repair

Question 15

What does Pol Epsilon do?

Answer 15

Leading Strand synthesis

Question 16

What are the 3 main ways DNA is repaired?

Answer 16

1-Exonuclease activity (backspace)
2-Base excision repair (fix 1 base)
3-Nucleotide excision repair (fix multiple bases)

Question 17

What are the phases of mitosis?

Answer 17

1-Prophase (DNA condenses)
2-Prometaphase (nuclear membrane breakdown, attach to spindle)
3-Metaphase (align)
4-Anaphase (split sister chromatids)
5-Telophase (Division of cells begins)
6-Cytokinesis (two daughter cells created)

Question 18

What are the 4 things different about meiosis?

Answer 18

1-additional round of division
2-genetic reassortment
3-bivalents (tetrads) formed during meiosis I
4- Genetic recombination occurs in bivalents

Question 19

What two ways is genetic diversity increased?

Answer 19

1-Independent assortment

2-Recombination

Question 20

What enzyme directs recombination by binding free ends of double strand break DNA?

Answer 20

Recombinases

Question 21

What are the three classes of transposable elements?

Answer 21

• DNA transposons
• Retroviral like retrotransposons
• Nonretroviral retrotransposons

Question 22

What three ways are transposons inserted?

Answer 22

• Cut and paste method
• Viral insertion
• Replication