Carbohydrates Flashcards
What are the 4 carbon Aldose and ketose forms called?
Aldose- erythrose
Ketose- erythrulose
What are the 5 carbon Aldose and ketose forms called?
Aldose- ribose, Xylose and arabinose
Ketose- ribulose, xylulose
What are the 6 carbon Aldose and ketose forms called?
Aldose- glucose, galactose, mannose
Ketose- fructose
What are the 7 carbon Aldose and ketose forms called?
Aldose- glucoheptose, galactoheptose
Ketose- pseudoheptulose
What is an enantiomer?
Mirror image
What is a diasteriomer?
Non mirror image that is different at one or more chiral carbons
What are epimers?
Differing configurations around non symmetrical carbons
What are anomers?
Like an epimer but in a cyclic molecule
When a sugar is capable of reducing another element it is called?
A reducing sugar
What is an example of a reducing sugar formed by two glucose molecules?
Maltose
Sucrose is a non reducing sugar formed by what two molecules?
Glucose and fructose
Linear starch or glycogen molecules are connected by what linkage?
Alpha 1-4
Branching starch or glycogen molecules are connected by what linkage?
Alpha 1-6
How often to glycogen and starch branch?
Glycogen branches every 10
Starch branches every 30
Cellulose is held together by what linkage?
Beta linkages
O glycosylation has what amino acid attachment?
Ser/thr
N glycosylation has what amino acid attachment?
Asn
What are the functions of proteoglycans?
- Filter substances(main function)
- serve as lubricant
Hyaluronate functions where?
Neural tissue
Chondroitin functions how?
As a lubricant
Keratan sulfate functions where?
Connective tissue
Heparin functions how?
Anti coagulant
What are the 3 carbon Aldose and ketose forms called?
Aldose- glyceraldehyde
Ketose-dihydroxy acetone
