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Year 1 POD > Immunology > Flashcards

Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

The immune system protects the body from (2)

A

Infectious agents

other harmful substances such as toxins

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2
Q

Four tasks critical for providing immunity

A

immunological recognition
immunological effector functions
immunological regulation
immunological memory

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3
Q

the immune system gets activated when it recognises

A

antigens

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4
Q

define antigen

A

substance that can be recognised and respnded to by the adaptive immune response

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5
Q

Antibodies are also known as

A

immunoglobulins

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6
Q

Basic structure of antibodies

A

2 heavy chains
2 light chains
variable region
constant region

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7
Q

5 types of antibody

A

IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, igD

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8
Q

IgG is the most ….. antibody

A

abundant

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9
Q

igM is

A

first antibody to appear in circulation following exposure to antigen. (5x) structure PENTAMER

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10
Q

IgA is

A

is a dimer and appears in bodily secretions eg. tears

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11
Q

IgE is envolved in ….. and releases ….

A

allergic reactions

histamine

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12
Q

igD is found on …. cell surface

A

B

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13
Q

Th cells provide activation signals in form of secretions (3)

A

cytokines
lymphokine
interleukins

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14
Q

megakaryocytes

A

produce platelets

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15
Q

granulocytes composed of three cells types

A

neutrophils
basophils
eosinophils

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16
Q

natural killer cells kill certain ….. cells such as….

A

melanomas

lymphomas

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17
Q

2 major subsets of T lymphocytes

A

T helper

T cytotoxic

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18
Q

T helper cells secrete …… to …..

A

regulatory proteins

help activate other white blood cells to fight infection.

19
Q

T yctotoxic cells directly kill (3)

A

certain tumour cells
viral-infected cells
parasites

20
Q

T regulatory cells inhibit ….. and are important in limiting …

A

immune response

over stimulation to pathogens

21
Q

B lymphocytes produce

A

antibodies

22
Q

In spleen, …. cells are activated and large amounts of … are prouces

A

B

antibodies

23
Q

the spleen is an ….

A

immunologic filter of the blood

24
Q

what 2 things bring antigens to spleen via bloodstrem

A

migratory macrophage

dendritic cells

25
Q

where are lymphocytes made

A

bone marrow

26
Q

where do t lymphocytes mature

A

thymus

27
Q

where are invaders detected and immune response starts

A

lymph nodes

28
Q

2 types of immune response

A

innate response

adaptive response

29
Q

innate immunity functions with/without prior exposure

A

without

30
Q

2 hallmarks of innate response

A

non-specific

immediate response

31
Q

innate immunity inoolves which 3 things

A

monocytes
macrophages
neutrophils

32
Q

inflammatory response mobilises ….. to ….. invaders

A

leukocytes

phagocytose

33
Q

what destroys swallowed invaders

A

Gastric acid

34
Q

Complement system composed of 2 major pathways

A

classical pathway

alternative pathway

35
Q

Both complement pathways lead to (3)

A

inflammatory response
coating
membrane attacking complex

36
Q

acquired immunity consists of 2 responses to foreign antigen

A 
humoral response (secretion of antibodies)
cell-mediated respnse (attacking and killing by t cells)
37
Q

plasma cells release large amounts of …

A

antibodies (up to 2000)

38
Q

both B and T cells can become

A

memory cells

39
Q

What is the major histocompatibility complex

A

set of cell surface molecules or receptors

40
Q

T cells will onyl recognise antigen if it is presented by

A

MHC

41
Q

MHC1 is found on all ….. cells

A

nucleated

42
Q

MHC II is only found on

A

antigen presenting cells

43
Q

B cells: originate from
mature in
immunity

A

bone marrow
bone marrow
humoral

44
Q

T Cells: originate from
mature in
immunity

A

bone marrow
thymus
cell-mediated

Year 1 POD (20 decks)

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