Immunology

Question 1

The immune system protects the body from (2)

Answer 1

Infectious agents

other harmful substances such as toxins

Question 2

Four tasks critical for providing immunity

Answer 2

immunological recognition
immunological effector functions
immunological regulation
immunological memory

Question 3

the immune system gets activated when it recognises

Answer 3

antigens

Question 4

define antigen

Answer 4

substance that can be recognised and respnded to by the adaptive immune response

Question 5

Antibodies are also known as

Answer 5

immunoglobulins

Question 6

Basic structure of antibodies

Answer 6

2 heavy chains
2 light chains
variable region
constant region

Question 7

5 types of antibody

Answer 7

IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, igD

Question 8

IgG is the most ….. antibody

Answer 8

abundant

Question 9

igM is

Answer 9

first antibody to appear in circulation following exposure to antigen. (5x) structure PENTAMER

Question 10

IgA is

Answer 10

is a dimer and appears in bodily secretions eg. tears

Question 11

IgE is envolved in ….. and releases ….

Answer 11

allergic reactions

histamine

Question 12

igD is found on …. cell surface

Answer 12

B

Question 13

Th cells provide activation signals in form of secretions (3)

Answer 13

cytokines
lymphokine
interleukins

Question 14

megakaryocytes

Answer 14

produce platelets

Question 15

granulocytes composed of three cells types

Answer 15

neutrophils
basophils
eosinophils

Question 16

natural killer cells kill certain ….. cells such as….

Answer 16

melanomas

lymphomas

Question 17

2 major subsets of T lymphocytes

Answer 17

T helper

T cytotoxic

Question 18

T helper cells secrete …… to …..

Answer 18

regulatory proteins

help activate other white blood cells to fight infection.

Question 19

T yctotoxic cells directly kill (3)

Answer 19

certain tumour cells
viral-infected cells
parasites

Question 20

T regulatory cells inhibit ….. and are important in limiting …

Answer 20

immune response

over stimulation to pathogens

Question 21

B lymphocytes produce

Answer 21

antibodies

Question 22

In spleen, …. cells are activated and large amounts of … are prouces

Answer 22

B

antibodies

Question 23

the spleen is an ….

Answer 23

immunologic filter of the blood

Question 24

what 2 things bring antigens to spleen via bloodstrem

Answer 24

migratory macrophage

dendritic cells

Question 25

where are lymphocytes made

Answer 25

bone marrow

Question 26

where do t lymphocytes mature

Answer 26

thymus

Question 27

where are invaders detected and immune response starts

Answer 27

lymph nodes

Question 28

2 types of immune response

Answer 28

innate response | adaptive response

Question 29

innate immunity functions with/without prior exposure

Answer 29

without

Question 30

2 hallmarks of innate response

Answer 30

non-specific | immediate response

Question 31

innate immunity inoolves which 3 things

Answer 31

monocytes macrophages neutrophils

Question 32

inflammatory response mobilises ..... to ..... invaders

Answer 32

leukocytes | phagocytose

Question 33

what destroys swallowed invaders

Answer 33

Gastric acid

Question 34

Complement system composed of 2 major pathways

Answer 34

classical pathway | alternative pathway

Question 35

Both complement pathways lead to (3)

Answer 35

inflammatory response coating membrane attacking complex

Question 36

acquired immunity consists of 2 responses to foreign antigen

Answer 36

``` humoral response (secretion of antibodies) cell-mediated respnse (attacking and killing by t cells) ```

Question 37

plasma cells release large amounts of ...

Answer 37

antibodies (up to 2000)

Question 38

both B and T cells can become

Answer 38

memory cells

Question 39

What is the major histocompatibility complex

Answer 39

set of cell surface molecules or receptors

Question 40

T cells will onyl recognise antigen if it is presented by

Answer 40

MHC

Question 41

MHC1 is found on all ..... cells

Answer 41

nucleated

Question 42

MHC II is only found on

Answer 42

antigen presenting cells

Question 43

B cells: originate from mature in immunity

Answer 43

bone marrow bone marrow humoral

Question 44

T Cells: originate from mature in immunity

Answer 44

bone marrow thymus cell-mediated