Bacterial Diseases of Humans Caused by Staphylococci, Streptococci and Anaerobes Flashcards
Staphylococci 3 features
Gram +ve cocci
catalse +ve
facultative anaerobes
staphylococcal diseases are … and can cause disease in …., they produce many … and …. which aid in
invasive
virtually any tissue and organ
enzymes and toxins
pathogenicity
Toxic shock syndrome is caused by strains of …. that produce …. it occurs in … or after …
symptoms include….
it stimulates extensive ….
and can lead to ….
s.aureus exotoxin surgical wounds boils fever, rash, exfoliation of skin non-specifc immune response organ failure and death
Strepococcal diseases:
4 properties
gram +ve
facultative anaerobes
catalse -ve
grouped on basis of cell carbohydrate surface antigens
4 diseases caused by streptococcal pyogens
impetigo cellulitus
more serious: rheumatic fever, necrotising fasciitis
transmission of s.pyogens is usually through
respiratory droplets
Exotoxin A from S.pyogens:
superantigen that stimulates production of high levels of cytokines which damage blood vesselendothelial cells so tissues can be damaged by lack of blood
exotoxin B produces .. that …
protease destroys tissues
necrotising fasciitis occurs when an invasive … enters a … membrane or …. after minor … or ….. It causes the destruction of the … covering …
s.pyogene mucous skin trauma surgery sheath skeletal muscles
Treatment of necrotising fasciitis
Penicillin G and surgical debridement of dead and dying tissue
S.pneumoniae causes localised and systemic infections such as (3)
ear infections
meningitis
pneumonia
Group B streptococci causes illness in..
may cause…
it is sensitive to
newborn babies elderly pregnant people people with other diseases aseptic abortion penicillin
viridians group streptococci, infections usually occur in hosts who are… the bacteria enter the blood and adhere to … …. … and cause ….. May also cause …. most are sensitive to
immunocompromised abnormal cardiac valves endocarditis gingivitis penicillin
Tetanus is caused by … which are gram … …, they form … and are …. anaerobes
clostridium tetani
+ve rods
endospores
obligate
Tetanus endospores are widespread in (3)
transmission is usually via …
endospores germinate in …. if … is low enough
as bacteria die they release the neurotoxin…
soil, dust, animal, faeces
skin wounds
wounds oxygen
tetanospasmin
In tetanus, toxin is carried to the … , it binds to … which leads to overactivity of …. This results in….
treatment is … and …
CNS neurones motor neurones spams, rigidity, lock jaw penicillin muscle relaxant
Botulism is caused by ….. , gram +ve (shape), obligate …
endosopres are widespread in … and …
most common source of infection is ….
spores germinate in … environment
syptoms (4)
Treatment is with …. which are specific to the …
clostridium botulinum rods anaerobe soil and sediments improperly heated preserved food anaerobic blurred vision, mucle weakness, nausea, vomiting antibodies toxin
clostridium difficile: main cause of (2)
they cause rapid destruction of the …, making an early … very important
diarrhoea pseudomembranous colitis
gut
diagnosis
clostridium perfringens causes .... typically grows in... spores produce... CP can also cause... at the sight of... the onset is sudden and ... inflammation begins at
food poisoning poorly prepared or reheated meals enterotoxin gas gangrene trauma/surgical wound dramatic site of infection