Gram Neg Diseases

Question 1

salmonella species: gram neg or pos, spore or no spore? shape? family?

Answer 1

gram -ve
no spores
rods
enterobacteriaceae

Question 2

salmonella gastroenteritis caused by
source:
aquired from

Answer 2

s.enterica
intestinal tracts of livestock and birds
contaminated foodd

Question 3

salmonellosis:
incubation time
bacteria multiply and invade...
produce ... and .. that destroy
symptoms

Answer 3

8-48 hours
epithelial cells of intestines
enterotoxin cytotoxin that destroy epithelial cells
fever nausea vomiting abdominal pain cramps

Question 4

typhoid fever:
caused by..
aquired by ingestion of food or water contaminated by
incubation period
the bacteria colonise… and penetrate… then spread to… then onto … …. and …
symptoms:
treatment with…

Answer 4

S.Typhi
faeces of infected human or animal
10-14 days
small intestine, epithelium cells, bloodstream, liver, gallbladder
fevers aches, rose spots on skin
antibiotics

Question 5

E.coli:

Answer 5

gram -ve
non-spore forming rods
facultative anaerobe

Question 6

enterotoxigenic E.coli (ETEC) causes

Answer 6

watery diarrhoea in infants and travellers in developing countries

Question 7

enteroinvasive E.coli (EiEC) penetrate and destroy

causes

Answer 7

epithelial cells of colon

dysentery-like diarrhoea

Question 8

Enterohaemorrhagic E.coli (EHEC)

Answer 8

first described stain

Question 9

main reserve of E.coli
human aquisition by
low infectious dose (how many)

Answer 9

cattle

eating undercooked meat, contaminated water

Question 10

E.coli symptoms:
some patients develop
prevention

Answer 10

abdominal cramps diarrhoea haemorrhagic colitis
haemolytic uremic syndrome
thorough cooking of meat, avoid non-pasteurised products

Question 11

E.coli urinary tract infections:
majority of strains caused by certain strains of
infection usually by ... route
symptoms:
treat with

Answer 11

E.coli
ascending
buring sensation when urination, increased need to urinate, more frequent urinating, cloudy urine
antibiotics (ampicillin + trimethoprim)

Question 12

Gonorrhoea:
caused by
Gram?
Shape
oxidase pos or neg
adheres to which cells using what
phagocytosed by .. and survive
what sort of tissue forms in response to immune response
incubation period
symptoms

Answer 12

Neisseria Gonorrhoeae
neg
diplococcus
pos
mucosal cells, pili
epithelial cells, intracellularly
fibrous tissue
2-8 days
yellow, creamy pus discharge and burning during urination

Question 13

Gonorrhoea in women:
symptoms
major cause of …. and ….
risk to newborns..

Answer 13

milder, some discharge
sterility aand ectopic pregnancies
gonorrhoeal eye infection

Question 14

gonorrhoea is buildng resistance to

Answer 14

penicillin

Question 15

syphilis
caused by …… which is a gram…
enters body through … or …..
migrates to …. and spreads rapidly throughout
incubation period
in stages 2 and 3, what spreads through body?
treatment with…
transmission from mother to baby possible, can cause a ..

Answer 15

treponema pallidum
negative spirochaete
mucous membrane or break  in skin
lymph nodes body
10 days to 3 weeks
spirochaetes
penicillin G
stillbirth

Question 16

secondary stage of syphilis:
symptoms
primary … and rash … are infectious
disease becomes … after several …

Answer 16

skin rash, loss of hair, fever, malaise
chancre legions
latent
weeks

Question 17

3rd stage of syphilis:
degenerative … formed in skin, … and …
CNS also involved
prevention and control methods:

Answer 17

lesions bone
education
sexual hygiene
condom useage