Atherosclerosis Flashcards

1
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

thickening an inelasticity of artery walls

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2
Q

atherosclerosis

A

hardening of arteries, form or arterioslcerosis

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3
Q

atheroma

A

fatty plaque deposits in arteries

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4
Q

ischaemia

A

insufficient blood supply

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5
Q

thrombus

A

stationary blood clot in blood vessel

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6
Q

Embolism

A

lodging of an embolus in a distant capillary of the body from its origin

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7
Q

Embolism

A

lodging of an embolus in a distant capillary of the body from its origin

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8
Q

Aneurysm

A

weakining (bulge) of artery wall

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9
Q

atherosclerosis

A

disease characterised by accumulation of fatty depositsi in the arteries leading to blockage or narrowing of the artery.

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10
Q

Aneurysm

A

weakining (bulge) of artery wall

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11
Q

atherosclerosis is confined to arteries which are…

A

under high pressure

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12
Q

5 layers of arteries + veins, from in to out

A
lumen
lining layer
elastic layer
muscle layer
tough outer layer
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13
Q

define tunica intima, tunica media and tunica adventitia

A

lining
muscle coat
outer coat

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14
Q

describe TI TM and TA in muscular artery

tunica

A

TI: flattened endothelial cells
TM: muscle layer
TA: very broad, elastin anf collagen

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15
Q

describe TI TM and TA in arteriole

A

single layer squamous epithelium
smooth muscle single/few layer(s)
mostly reduced, merges with surrounding tissue

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16
Q

Atheroma formation is a disease of the …. in the artery

A

tunica intima

17
Q

an atheroma is an accumulation of a what-rich material?

18
Q

atheroma formation step 1,2,3,4

A

1- damage to endothelium allows entry of cholesterol rich lipoproteins into intima
2- fatty streak caused by excessive lipid accumulation in macrophages
3- plaque becromes fibotic as myofibroblasts secrete collagen, myofibroblasts there as a result of cytokines. pressure atrophy of media and elasticity is lost
4- dense fibrous cap on plaque formed by increased collagen secretions, endothelium can ulcerate leading to platelet aggregation and thrombosis.

19
Q

thrombus formation of caused by the inappropriate activation of the … process to due to..

A

haemostatic

blood vessel injury or blockage

20
Q

thrombus formation of caused by the inappropriate activation of the … process to due to..

A

haemostatic

blood vessel injury or blockage

21
Q

Deep vein thrombosis can become a health threat if the thrombus…

22
Q

a pulmonary embolism is

A

a blockage in ther artery that transports blood to the lungs

23
Q

3 main diseases caused by an atheroma

A

ischaemic heart disease
peripheral vascular disease
cerebrovascular disease

24
Q

if fibrous cap of … breaks down, blood is exposed to …., initiating …

A

atheroma
collagen
thrombosis

25
in small vessels, thrombosis may cause sudden
blockage
26
in larger vessels, thrombosis may lead to
an embolus detaching causing an embolism
27
severe atheroma in tunica intima leads to...
thinning of tunica media
28
in anuerysm formation, loss of elastic fibres and smooth muscle is replaced by
non-elastic collagen