Atherosclerosis

Question 1

arteriosclerosis

Answer 1

thickening an inelasticity of artery walls

Question 2

atherosclerosis

Answer 2

hardening of arteries, form or arterioslcerosis

Question 3

atheroma

Answer 3

fatty plaque deposits in arteries

Question 4

ischaemia

Answer 4

insufficient blood supply

Question 5

thrombus

Answer 5

stationary blood clot in blood vessel

Question 6

Embolism

Answer 6

lodging of an embolus in a distant capillary of the body from its origin

Question 7

Embolism

Answer 7

lodging of an embolus in a distant capillary of the body from its origin

Question 8

Aneurysm

Answer 8

weakining (bulge) of artery wall

Question 9

atherosclerosis

Answer 9

disease characterised by accumulation of fatty depositsi in the arteries leading to blockage or narrowing of the artery.

Question 10

Aneurysm

Answer 10

weakining (bulge) of artery wall

Question 11

atherosclerosis is confined to arteries which are…

Answer 11

under high pressure

Question 12

5 layers of arteries + veins, from in to out

Answer 12

lumen
lining layer
elastic layer
muscle layer
tough outer layer

Question 13

define tunica intima, tunica media and tunica adventitia

Answer 13

lining
muscle coat
outer coat

Question 14

describe TI TM and TA in muscular artery

tunica

Answer 14

TI: flattened endothelial cells
TM: muscle layer
TA: very broad, elastin anf collagen

Question 15

describe TI TM and TA in arteriole

Answer 15

single layer squamous epithelium
smooth muscle single/few layer(s)
mostly reduced, merges with surrounding tissue

Question 16

Atheroma formation is a disease of the …. in the artery

Answer 16

tunica intima

Question 17

an atheroma is an accumulation of a what-rich material?

Answer 17

lipid

Question 18

atheroma formation step 1,2,3,4

Answer 18

1- damage to endothelium allows entry of cholesterol rich lipoproteins into intima
2- fatty streak caused by excessive lipid accumulation in macrophages
3- plaque becromes fibotic as myofibroblasts secrete collagen, myofibroblasts there as a result of cytokines. pressure atrophy of media and elasticity is lost
4- dense fibrous cap on plaque formed by increased collagen secretions, endothelium can ulcerate leading to platelet aggregation and thrombosis.

Question 19

thrombus formation of caused by the inappropriate activation of the … process to due to..

Answer 19

haemostatic

blood vessel injury or blockage

Question 20

thrombus formation of caused by the inappropriate activation of the … process to due to..

Answer 20

haemostatic

blood vessel injury or blockage

Question 21

Deep vein thrombosis can become a health threat if the thrombus…

Answer 21

Embolises

Question 22

a pulmonary embolism is

Answer 22

a blockage in ther artery that transports blood to the lungs

Question 23

3 main diseases caused by an atheroma

Answer 23

ischaemic heart disease
peripheral vascular disease
cerebrovascular disease

Question 24

if fibrous cap of … breaks down, blood is exposed to …., initiating …

Answer 24

atheroma
collagen
thrombosis

Question 25

in small vessels, thrombosis may cause sudden

Answer 25

blockage

Question 26

in larger vessels, thrombosis may lead to

Answer 26

an embolus detaching causing an embolism

Question 27

severe atheroma in tunica intima leads to…

Answer 27

thinning of tunica media

Question 28

in anuerysm formation, loss of elastic fibres and smooth muscle is replaced by

Answer 28

non-elastic collagen