Atherosclerosis Flashcards
arteriosclerosis
thickening an inelasticity of artery walls
atherosclerosis
hardening of arteries, form or arterioslcerosis
atheroma
fatty plaque deposits in arteries
ischaemia
insufficient blood supply
thrombus
stationary blood clot in blood vessel
Embolism
lodging of an embolus in a distant capillary of the body from its origin
Embolism
lodging of an embolus in a distant capillary of the body from its origin
Aneurysm
weakining (bulge) of artery wall
atherosclerosis
disease characterised by accumulation of fatty depositsi in the arteries leading to blockage or narrowing of the artery.
Aneurysm
weakining (bulge) of artery wall
atherosclerosis is confined to arteries which are…
under high pressure
5 layers of arteries + veins, from in to out
lumen lining layer elastic layer muscle layer tough outer layer
define tunica intima, tunica media and tunica adventitia
lining
muscle coat
outer coat
describe TI TM and TA in muscular artery
tunica
TI: flattened endothelial cells
TM: muscle layer
TA: very broad, elastin anf collagen
describe TI TM and TA in arteriole
single layer squamous epithelium
smooth muscle single/few layer(s)
mostly reduced, merges with surrounding tissue
Atheroma formation is a disease of the …. in the artery
tunica intima
an atheroma is an accumulation of a what-rich material?
lipid
atheroma formation step 1,2,3,4
1- damage to endothelium allows entry of cholesterol rich lipoproteins into intima
2- fatty streak caused by excessive lipid accumulation in macrophages
3- plaque becromes fibotic as myofibroblasts secrete collagen, myofibroblasts there as a result of cytokines. pressure atrophy of media and elasticity is lost
4- dense fibrous cap on plaque formed by increased collagen secretions, endothelium can ulcerate leading to platelet aggregation and thrombosis.
thrombus formation of caused by the inappropriate activation of the … process to due to..
haemostatic
blood vessel injury or blockage
thrombus formation of caused by the inappropriate activation of the … process to due to..
haemostatic
blood vessel injury or blockage
Deep vein thrombosis can become a health threat if the thrombus…
Embolises
a pulmonary embolism is
a blockage in ther artery that transports blood to the lungs
3 main diseases caused by an atheroma
ischaemic heart disease
peripheral vascular disease
cerebrovascular disease
if fibrous cap of … breaks down, blood is exposed to …., initiating …
atheroma
collagen
thrombosis
in small vessels, thrombosis may cause sudden
blockage
in larger vessels, thrombosis may lead to
an embolus detaching causing an embolism
severe atheroma in tunica intima leads to…
thinning of tunica media
in anuerysm formation, loss of elastic fibres and smooth muscle is replaced by
non-elastic collagen
