Immuno 3: Malabsorption Flashcards
List 3 causes of microcytic anaemia ?
Iron deficiency anaemia
Thalassaemia trait
Anaemia of chronic disease
If you see Basophilic stippling which disease is more likely ?
Iron deficiency anaemia
Thalassaemia trait
Beta Thalassaemia trait
The presence of anisopoikilocytosis with elliptocytes makes which disease more likely ?
Iron deficiency anaemia
Thalassaemia trait
Iron deficiency anaemia
Give 4 causes of Basophilic stippling ?
Beta thalassaemia trait
Lead poisoning
Alcoholism
Sideroblastic anaemia
Which anaemia has hyper segmented neutrophils (more than 4) ?
Megaloblastic anaemia
Give 3 causes of Megaloblastic anaemia
Vitamin b12 deficiency
Folate deficiency
Drug that impair DNA synthesis
List 4 causes of Target cells ?
Hyposplenism
Iron deficiency anaemia
Thalassaemia
Liver disease
What causes Howell jolly bodies ?
Hyposplenism
What are Howel Jolly bodies ?
Nuclear remnants of erythrocytes
Give 4 causes of a poorly functioning spleen ?
IBD
Sickle cell disease
Coeliac disease
SLE
What are 2 causes of an absent spleen ?
Surgical management of Sickle cell disease
Trauma
Blood tests show: Calcium 2.00 (2.15-2.65 mol/l) Alk phos 400 (30-130 U/l) Vitamin D 18 (70-150nmol/l) PTH 14 (1.1-6.8pmol/l)
What is the diagnosis ?
Vitamin D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism
Which part of the G.I tract is most commonly affected in Crohn’s disease ?
Terminal Ilium
Where are bile salts and Vitamin B12 reabsorbed ?
Terminal Ilium
What test can diagnose moderate-severe pancreatic insufficiency ?
Faecal elastase
List 3 antibodies seen in Coeliac disease ?
Anti-Gliadin
Anti-Tissue Transglutaminase
Anti-endomysial
Which Coeliac antibodies are not useful in patients with IgA ?
Anti-TTG
Anti-Endomysial
What’s the gold standard diagnostic test for coeliac disease ?
Endoscopy with Duodenal Histology
What are the 2 characteristic histological features of Coeliac disease ?
Villous atrophy with crypt hyperplasia
Intra-epithelial lymphocytes (gamma-delta T cells)
Name 1 disease that can cause the same histological findings as in Coeliac disease ?
Giardiasis
List 5 complications of Coeliac disease ?
Malabsorption Osteoporosis/ osteomalacia Epilepsy Cerebral calcification Lymphoma
Which cancer are Coeliacs at risk of ?
Multi-focal T cell lymphoma
Is there a genetic component to Coeliac disease ?
Yes
HLA-DQ2
How can you check adherence with Gluten free diet ?
Level of Anti-TTG antibody
Which rash is seen in Coeliac disease ?
Dermatitis herpetiformis - on the extensor surfaces
List 4 diseases commonly associated with Coeliac disease ?
Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Auto-immune thyroid disease
Down’s syndrome
Dermatitis Herpetiformis
What is the most specific antibody test for Coeliac disease ?
Anti-TTG antibody