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MedEd + PathSoc + Laz's Qs + Romesh Path > Histopath 1: Fundemental of Histo > Flashcards

Histopath 1: Fundemental of Histo Flashcards

1
Q

What are neutrophils present in and what do they look like?

A

Acute inflammation (sterile or non-sterile e.g. appendicitis)

Multilobed (purple) and granulated (pink)

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2
Q

What are macrophages present in and what do they look like?

A

Late acute inflammation (clear debris), usually phagocytic

Chronic inflammation becomes more secretory -> large cells with lots of cytoplasm

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3
Q

What are lymphocytes present in and what do they look like? what does it look like in lymphoma?

A

Chronic inflammation (light purple)

Lymphoma = sheets of lymphocytes (clonal = look the same)

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4
Q

What are plasma cells present in?

A

Chronic inflammation, myeloma

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5
Q

What are eosinophils present in and what do they look like?

A

Allergic reactions
Parasitic infections
Tumours e.g. Hodgkin’s disease, SCC, MPD

Bi-lobed nuclei (blue) with red granules

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6
Q

What are mast cells present in and what do they look like?

A

Allergic reactions

Large cells containing lots of granules

Range of inflammatory mediators

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7
Q

What are carcinomas?

A

Malignancy of epithelial cells

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8
Q

What are sarcomas?

A

Tumours of mesenchymal cells (connect tissue eg muscle bone cartilage)

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9
Q

What are the 3 main types of carcinomas?

A

SCC

Adenocarcinoma

Transitional cell carcinomas

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10
Q

What are the histological features of SCCs?

A

Keratin production

Intercellular bridges (appears as little prickles on edge of cells)

Do NOT form glands

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11
Q

Where do SCCs occur?

A

Skin, head, and neck

Oesophagus (upper and middle 1/3)

Anus, Cervix, Vagina

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12
Q

What are the histological features of adenocarcinomas?

A

From glandular epithelium

Forms glands that can secrete substances (e.g. mucin)

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13
Q

What are the different locations of adenocarcinomas?

A

Lung
Breast
Stomach
Colon
Pancreas

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14
Q

What are the histological features of transitional cell carcinomas?

A

Epithelium can stretch

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15
Q

Where can transitional cell carcinomas occur?

A

Kidney pelvis, ureters, bladder

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16
Q

What is the fontana stain used for + what is the result?

A

+ve for melanin

17
Q

What is the congo red stain used for + what is the result?

A

+ve for Amyloid (Apple green birefringence)

18
Q

What is the prussain blue stain used for + what is the result?

A

+ve for iron (haemochromatosis)

19
Q

What is the Hemotoxylin and esoin (H&E) stain used for + what is the result?

A

H: stains basic parts purple/blue

E: acidic parts red/pink

20
Q

What are immunohistochemical stains? What are the different types?

A

involves antibodies directed against a specific antigen which then detect antibody-antigen complexes

Immunofloresence
Immunoperoxidase

21
Q

How does immunofloresence work?

A

Ab binds to Ag; (if this is fluorescently tagged - direct)

need fluorescently tagged Ab to bind to Ab-Ag complex (indirect)

22
Q

How does immunoperoxidase work?

A

Ab binds to Ag in tissue -> add enzyme to Ab -> substrate added -> product has a specific colour change

23
Q

What is the difference between a histochemical stain and an immunohistochemical stain?

A

Histochemical stain – based on the chemical reaction between the stain and the tissue. The product will have a specific colour or other property that can be identified

Immunohistochemical – involves using antibodies to detect a specific antigen within the tumour

24
Q

What cytological feature is suggestive of a good sputum sample?

A

Pigmented macrophages – this suggests that they have come from the alveoli

25
Q

Define granuloma

A

Organised collection of activated macrophages

26
Q

What do macrophages in granulomas fuse together to form?

A

Langerhans giant cells

27
Q

What is a key immunological lymphoid marker?

A

CD45

28
Q

What is a classic histological feature of HSV infection?

A

Cells with multiple nuclei

29
Q

Which WBC is prevalent in parasitic infections?

A

Eosinophils

30
Q

Which tumour type produces keratin and intercellular bridges?

A

SCC

31
Q

Which stain is used for iron?

A

Prussian Blue

MedEd + PathSoc + Laz's Qs + Romesh Path (99 decks)

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