immune system 4

Question 1

IMMUNOGLOBULINS AND ALLERGIC

RESPONSE

Answer 1

Antibodies (IgE, IgD, IgG, IgM and IgA) react with specific effector cells and
molecules and function to protect the body

Question 2

• IgE antibodies

Answer 2

are involved in allergic disorders
• IgE molecules bind to an allergen and trigger mast cells or basophils
• These cells then release chemical mediators such as histamine, serotonin, kinins,
SRS-A and neutrophil factor
• These chemical substances cause the reactions seen in allergic response

Question 3

Allergen triggers the B cell to make IgE antibody,

Answer 3

which attaches to the mast cell.
When that allergen reappears, it binds to the IgE and triggers the mast cell to
release its chemicals

Question 4

HYPERSENSITIVITY

Answer 4

• A reflection of excessive or aberrant immune response

* Sensitisation: initiates the build-up of antibodies

Question 5

Types of hypersensitivity reactions:

Answer 5

• Anaphylactic: Type 1
• Cytotoxic: Type II
• Immune complex: Type III
• Delayed-type: Type IV

Question 6

MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH

ALLERGIC DISORDERS

Answer 6

• History and manifestations; comprehensive allergy history
• Diagnostic tests
• FBC—eosinophil count
• Total serum IgE
• Skin tests
• Screening procedures
• Support /patient education
• Medication

Question 7

MEDICATION

Answer 7

• Oxygen, if O2 sats <93% and there is respiratory distress
• Adrenaline used for anaphylactic reactions
• Anti-histamines
• Corticosteroids

Question 8

REVENTION AND TREATMENT OF

ANAPHYLAXIS

Answer 8

• Screen and avoid/prevent
• Treat respiratory problems, oxygen, intubation and cardiopulmonary
resuscitation as needed
• Adrenaline 1:1,000 IM
• Auto injection system: EpiPen
• May follow with IV adrenaline
• IV fluids

Question 9

Latex

Answer 9

is a fluid that comes from the rubber tree. It is used to make rubber products,
including some rubber gloves, condoms, and medical equipment such as catheters,
breathing tubes, enema tips, and dental dams.

Question 10

• Latex can trigger allergic reactions,

Answer 10

including hives, rashes, and even severe and

anaphylactic reactions.

Question 11

The dry, irritated skin that many people develop after wearing latex gloves is

Answer 11

usually
the result of irritation (sensitivity) and not an allergic reaction to latex.
• For unknown reasons, people who are sensitive to latex are often allergic to bananas and sometimes other foods
such as kiwi, papaya, avocados, chestnuts, potatoes, tomatoes, and apricots.

Question 12

When could a ‘rebound’ anaphylactic reaction occur after an initial attack even
when adrenaline has been given?

Answer 12

Four hours
• A ‘rebound’ anaphylactic reaction can occur four to ten hours after
an initial attack even when adrenaline has been given