13 2 bh haemostasis Flashcards
haemostasis
Describes blood clotting process that prevents
excessive blood loss in the body.
There are three
primary mechanisms employed to control bleeding,
vascular spasm (vasoconstriction), platelet plug, and blood clotting
Dependent on three factors haemostasis
- Vascular endothelium
- Platelets
- Coagulation system
hemostasis emergency
involves problems with red or white blood cells,
or platelets
} May result from disease process, from therapy
used to treat it or from a combination of the two
} Diseases of the blood divided into two groups:
} Essential to recognise the emergency situation,
even in setting of chronic condition or
aggressive treatment regimens
Diseases of the blood divided into two groups:
- Malignant haematological conditions
* Non-malignant haematological conditions
patient who is bleeding in ed is due to
In ED due to:
• Traumatic injury (frank bleeding)
• Coagulopathies/dysfunctional platelets
2 haemostasis
Primary haemostasis
Secondary haemostasis
Primary haemostasis
includes the platelet and vascular
response (constriction) to vessel injury.
Secondary haemostasis
includes the coagulation factors
response to such injury
Together, platelets, vessels, and coagulation factors
combine to stop bleeding
and allow for vessel repair
through formation of a stable fibrin-platelet plug at the site
of injury.
coagulation cascade
Release of tissue factor from injured endothelial cells
initiates coagulation cascade.
} Ultimately forms a more stable plug (secondary
haemostasis).
A haematoma
is a subcutaneous collection of blood
resulting from trauma or surgery.
haematoma Indications
for
evacuation are pain, infection, and compression or
displacement of underlying structures.
haemorrhage is an uncontrolled,
typically massive, bleed.
} Haemorrhage is secondary to failure
of primary,
secondary haemostasis, or both, caused either by
local defect, such as trauma, or underlying
pathology.
