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Board Review 2020 > Immune Articles 2017-2019 > Flashcards

Immune Articles 2017-2019 Flashcards

1
Q

2019 JAVMA What is precursor targeted IMA and how long did it take for immunosuppression to be effective

A

Non-regenerative anemia with immunospression at the level of the bone marrow
~4 weeks for regenerative response

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2
Q

2019 JVIM consensus for IMHA Diagnosis: What does lack of regeneration indicated

A

30% of IMHA are not regenerative at diagnosis

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3
Q

2019 JVIM consensus for IMHA Diagnosis: Why might a PCV be more valuable for diagnosis than HCT

A

HCT (calculated) is unreliable with agglutination

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4
Q

2019 JVIM consensus for IMHA Diagnosis: what are the signs of hemolysis and how many are needed to support IMHA

A 
> 2 signs
Spherocytes (dogs only)
Positive saline agglut with out washing
positive coombs or flow cytometry
-- positive SAT that persists after washing
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5
Q

2019 JVIM consensus for IMHA Diagnosis: What are signs of hemolysis and how many are needed to support IMHA

A 
> 1 sign
hyperbilirubinemia (hyperbilirubinuria) with out concurrent disease
Hemoglobinemia
Hemoglobinuria
Erythrocyte ghosts
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6
Q

2019 JVIM consensus for IMHA Diagnosis: What infectious agents are likely associated with IMHA in dogs and cats

A

Babesia gibosoni - dogs

babesia felis- cats
mycoplasma haemofelis- cats

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7
Q

2019 JVIM consensus for IMHA Diagnosis: What testing is recommended for dogs and cats (infectious)

A

Dogs: Babesia gibosoni, D. Immitis; other endemic infections
Cats: Babesia felis (endemic areas only); M. Haemofelis, FeLV/FIV

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8
Q

2019 JVIM consensus for IMHA Treatment in dogs: What is the preferred fluid to improve oxygen delivery?

A

pRBCs > whole blood&raquo_space;» bovine hemoglobin solutions

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9
Q

2019 JVIM consensus for IMHA Treatment in dogs: What are reasons that bovine hemoglobin solutions not recommended unless only available

A

scavange nitric oxide potentially activating platelets causing vasoconstriction which increases risk of hypertension
Greater colloid osmotic pressure than RBCs

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10
Q

2019 JVIM consensus for IMHA Treatment in dogs: What is the first line recommendation for immunosuppression

A

Prednisone 2-3 mg/kg/day or > 25 kg 50-60 mg/m2/day

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11
Q

2019 JVIM consensus for IMHA Treatment in dogs: When is IV immunglobin recommended

A

If 2 or more immunosuppressives and failing to respond (5-7 days) as a salvage measure
May decrease time to normal PCV, and Decrease transfusion requirements

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12
Q

2019 JVIM consensus for IMHA Treatment in dogs: When is thromboprophylaxis recommended

A

All as long as platelets > 30k/mcL (some 50K)

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13
Q

JVIM 2019 What were findings that were common in animals positive for Erlichia Ewingii

A

Renal disease, IMHA, Protienuria

Infects granulocytes

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14
Q

JVIM 2019 C6 borrelia positive dogs were more likely to have what findings

A

Immune complex glomerulonephritis (on all histo)
thrombocytopenia, azotemia, hyper phosph, anemia, neutrophillia
Hematuria, glucosuria, pyuria

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15
Q

JVIM 2019 What treatment showed success in 3 dogs with pythosis

A

Itraconazole, terbinafine, prednisone- anti-inflammatory

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16
Q

JVIM 2019 How did a POC for cryptococcus do compared to a agglutination test

A

as good as.

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17
Q

JVIM 2019 What were the common findings with dogs positive for trypanosoma cruzi

A

Increase positive if littermate/housemate positive; more likely to have ventricular arrhythmias, younger dogs

18
Q

CCM 2011 What did the RDW indicate for a population of critically ill people

A

Red blood cell distribution width
Increase resulted in increased risk for all cause mortality
Increased with more likely to have blood stream infection

19
Q

JVIM 2015 What was associated with a poor outcome in dogs with IMHA

A

CHAOS score > 3

ASA > 3, creatinine, urea, bilirubin

20
Q

JAVMA 2011 What led to a poor outcome in IMTP

A

melena and increase BUN at admission

21
Q

JAVMA 2016 What breeds were comprised 50% of the cases of splenic torsion

A

GSD, Great danes, english bulldogs

22
Q

JAVMA 2016 What increased the risk of death in splenic torsion

A

spetic peritonitis
Introperative hemorrhage
Post op development of respiratory distress

23
Q

JAVMA 2017 In cuterebral infections what was noted in typical cases and what was found in dogs that died

A

Small breed dogs—> yorkies

DIC SIRS

24
Q

Two 2017 studies (JAVMA/JVECC) compared outpatient to inpatient parvo viral treatment what was the mortality rates

A

JAVMA 25% mortality

JVECC 20% (OP was in hosp receiving sq injections)

25
Q

JVECC 2017 How did anti inflammatories for pulmonary blasto affect outcome

A

did not decrease 30 day survival

Need for O2 supplementation did decrease survival

26
Q

JVIM 2017 In IMHA what is suspected to lead to increased cell free DNA

A

likely due to release and not impoaired degredation as DNAase activity is normal

27
Q

JVIM 2017 What was noted in 92% of dogs with immune mediated disease

A

Vitamin D insuffiency

28
Q

JVIM 2017 what biomarkers may be used for disease monitoring in IMHA

A

TK1 and c-CRP

29
Q

JVIM 2017 What dose of leflunomide is recommended and why

A

2 mg/kg/day as higher doses had more side effects

30
Q

JVIM 2017 Based on Rotem fidnings what mechanism of bleeding in proposed for angiostrongylus vasorum

A

hyperfinbrinolysis with hypofibringenemia

31
Q

2017 JVIM what findings with VCM testing and leptospirosis

A

Hypo and hyper coaguable profiles

Hypo- more likely to bleed and increase mortality rate

32
Q

JVIM 2017 what was found to incrase risk of opportunistic fungal infections in dogs treated for immunted mediated disease

A

cyclosporin and male dogs

33
Q

2017 Vet journal What was the increase of fecal shedding of CPV after vaccinations and how long was it noted for

A

went from 2% to 23% and up to 28 days

34
Q

2018 AJVR how does IMHA effect peak flow velocity at the caudal vena cava

A

Increased

35
Q

JAVMA 2018 in feline panleukopenia what was associated with improved outcome and what was associated with non survival

A

amoxi/clav, antiparasitics, and maropitant associated with survival
Glucose infusion associated with non survival

36
Q

JVIM 2018 What were the factors that led to increased bacterial colonization of IV catheters

A

staff experience and steroid anti-inflammatory

37
Q

JVIM 2018 What bacteria was most likely cultured for bacterial colonization of IV catheters

A

Acinetobacter (biofilm former), Klebsella

38
Q

JVIM 2018 what alterations are noted in critically ill of the immune system

A

result in reduced respiratory burst function and cytokine production despite up regulation of TLR-4

39
Q

JVIM 2018 The Witness test what immunoglobin and when were all dogs positive

A

IgM, by day 10

40
Q

JVIM 2018 what was the name of the clinical bleeding score in dogs with ITP

A

DogiBAT

41
Q

JVIM 2018 How did anally admistered fecal transplant alter survival/ factors with CPV

A

No survival difference stat: 21.1 vs 36%

Shorter hospitalization and faster resolution of diarrhea

Board Review 2020 (37 decks)

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