Immune

Question 1

How are immunoglobins account for IMHA

Answer 1

IgG - extravascular antigen antibody complex

IgM Intravascular Complement pathway

Question 2

How does hyperbilirubinemia occur with IMHA

Answer 2

Heme component metabolized to bilirubin
When albumin binding capacity exceeded cross BBB
Neurotoxin

Question 3

What organs are known to be affected with histoplasmosis infections

Answer 3

Lungs, liver, spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow, joints, bones

Question 4

Why do typical antifungals not effective agains Pythium insidiosum

Answer 4

Lacks target ergostrol in oomycete membrane, but are effective minimally through other mechanisms

Question 5

What does cryptococcus look like

Answer 5

narrow based budding yeast with complex polysacchride capsule

Question 6

What disease is caused by trypanosoma cruzi and what are the common clinical presentations

Answer 6

Chagas

HR - arrythmias (ventricular), conduction distrubances, heart enlargement, and heart failure

Question 7

What leads to prothrombotic properties of Cell free DNA

Answer 7

Activation of the contact pathway of coagulation

inhibits fibrionlysis

Question 8

What is angiostrongylus vasorum

Answer 8

Worm that lives in right side of heart and pulmonary arteries

Question 9

Define NETs

Answer 9

Neutrophil extracellular traps
chromatin mesh exruded from neutrophil nucleus
Creates physical barrier to trap pathogens. Attached histones and bacterialcidal enzymes kill pathogens

Question 10

How do cell free DNA and NETs related

Answer 10

Cell free DNA is a measure of NETs