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Board Review 2020 > GI Articles 2017-2019 > Flashcards

GI Articles 2017-2019 Flashcards

1
Q

JAVMA 2019 What were the findings associated with a US guided temporary percutaneous gastropexy with a gastrotomy catheter compared to thorcharization

A

Both methods led to rapid decompression. Ultrasound guided prevent misdirection of T-sutures.
Method recommeded if surgical delay may be anticipated over repeated torcharization, Most were in the body of the stomach

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2
Q

JAVMA 2019 Enterotomy for FB removal dehiscense rate in dogs.

A

For enterotomies 5% dehiscence rate

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3
Q

JAVMA 2019 What was the efficacy for vomiting and FB production with apomorphine in dogs.

A

95% of dogs vomited with IV injection 75.6% FB retreival

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4
Q

JAVMA 2019 When is apomorphine less successful

A

Premedicated (opiods, sedatives, antinauseas)
Decreased progressively after 2 hours (56% after 24 hrs)
Metal objects and rocks were less successfuul

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5
Q

JAVMA 2019 How did ASA status and plasma lactate affect dehiscence and mortatilyt in dogs having GI surgery

A

ASA >/= 3 more likely to dehiscice overall 5% rate for enterotomies and enterectomies
mortality greater with higher plasma lactate
R/A and bacterial peritonitis had higher dehesence rates

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6
Q

JAVMA 2019 what were the limitation of lap assisted biopsy with wound retraction device

A

Based on placement at umbilicus can evaluate stomach, proximal duodenum, distal aspect of the colon

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7
Q

JVECC 2019 What recumbency was used for E tube to esophagojejunal tube placement with fluoro and why

A

Left lateral recubmency used to allow for time for the pylorus to fill with air.

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8
Q

JVECC 2019 What are the CT findings of dogs with intraabdominal hypertension

A

compression of cadual vena cava
Severe renal artery compression
elevation f the diaphragm
extension into the vaginal cavity

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9
Q

JVECC 2019 What affects of IAH have on renal perfusion

A

anesthesia with IAH > 25 mmHg lead to decreased renal profusion, but now when conceious

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10
Q

JVECC 2019 What was the success rate of esophageal fBs via endoscopy and what was the complication rate

A

95%, with a 22% compliction rate

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11
Q

JVECC 2019 Which dogs were more likely to require surgery and have esophagitis for esophageal FBS

A

More severe esophagitis > 24 hrs present

Fish hooks more likely to require surgery

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12
Q

What are the common and most common location for esophageal foreign bodies (JVECC 2019)

A

Areas of narrowing

Proximal to GES (50%), Base of heart 30%, thoracic inlet and upper esophageal sphincter

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13
Q

JVECC 2019 What were the hemostatic findings in dogs with acute pancreatitis

A

Global hypercoagulable on TEG
Higher: D-dimers, Fibrinogen, VWF
Lower: antithrombin III, PT time

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14
Q

JVIM 2019 What were the effects of an antidiarrheal probiotic past for acute diarrhea

A

Pro-kalolin advanced resulted in shorter duration of diarrhea 32 hrs vs 47 hrs
Less need for additional medical intervention
all dogs improved in 7 days

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15
Q

JVIM 2019 What was the complication rate and the most common complications in an UK study for E tube placement in cats.

A
  1. 1% complications

14. 5% tube dislodgement; 12.1 % stoma site infection

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16
Q

JVIM 2019 In an UK study of E-tube complications What increased the risk of death and risk of infection in cats

A

Death: decreased BW, pancreatic, neoplasia, respiratory urogenital, and infecious disease
Infection: steroids and oncolytic agents

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17
Q

JIVM 2019 In an US study of E-tube complications what was the complications in dogs/cats and what was the most likely complication

A

Dogs: 43.1%, Cats 45.5%
Infection (C 17%, D 13 %)
Dogs also more likely to have food through the stoma

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18
Q

JVIM 2019 In an US study of E-tube complications what were the risk factors for complications

A

No risk factors for developing complications

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19
Q

JIVM 2019 What was the effect of intragastric pH with a famotidine CRI over three days compared to twice daily IV bolus dosing; What was a possible side effect

A

CRI resulted in higher period of time with higher intragastric pH over 3 days.
Bolus saw decline in increase of intragastric pH by day 3

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20
Q

JVIM 2019 in dogs given metronidazole and enrofloxacin what was the effect of symbiotic (pre and pro biotic) given 1 hr post abx

A

Improved appetitie in the placebo first group. In the tx first group no difference washout period may not have been long enough.
No change to vomiting or fecal scores

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21
Q

JVIM2019 What is the effect on cat intragastric pH of famotidine twice daily verses famotidine twice/24 every other day

A

Less effective acid reduction after two weeks for the q 12 hour every day dosing. The q 12 hour every other day dosing noted no decline on days treated

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22
Q

JVIM 2019 what is the use of video capsule endoscopy

A

Use as adjuvant to endoscopy

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23
Q

JVIM 2019 How does tylosin have effect on diarrhea

A

Macrolide antobitoic
Increased uncongeuaged bile acids and altered fecal microbial populations that did not return to pre period during study period

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24
Q

JVIM 2019 What are the mechanisms of protien loss in PLE

A

Physical/functional lymphatic obstruction leading to leak
Relase of cellular mediators affecting vascular permeability and fluid eggress into tissue
Mucosal ulcerations

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25
Q

JIVM 2019: Regardless of the mechanism how is the protien loss in PLE

A

Protien rich fluid accumulates in the interstitum and passes into the GI tract via mucosal tight junctions

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26
Q

JVIM 2019 What short half proteins are expected to be normal and why

A

Hepatic synthesis increased

IgE, Clotting factors, prealbumin, transferrin

27
Q

JVIM 2019 what are reasons for thromebolic prevelance with PLE

A 
Systmic inflammation
altered Vit K absorption
loss of antithrombin III
hyperaggregation of PLTS
Hyperfibrinogenemia
Vascular compromise
28
Q

JVIM 2019 What breeds are over represented in PLE

A

Yorkie, Border collies, GSD, Rotties

29
Q

AJVR 2019 What improved the biomechanics of G tube over the tube byself.

A

T-stitch and U stitch. Equal performance

30
Q

JAVMA 2019 Large intestine full thickness incision what is the dehiscence and mortality rate

A

10 %; 17% mortalitited

31
Q

JAVMA 2019 what increased the odds of death with full thickness large intestine incisions

A

pre-op anorexia, hypoglycemia, toxic neutrophils, pre-op antibiotics

32
Q

JAVMA 2019 what increased the odds of dehiscence with full thickness large intestine incisions

A

pre-existing colon trauma/dehisence, pre-existing peritonitis, blood product administration, > 2 classe of antibiotics, postive culture, opne AB manage of peritonitis

33
Q

What is selective oral decomanimation and how did it improve in people

A

Selective digestive deconamination SDD: 4 days cefotaxime, past of topical tobramycin colistin, ampothericin B in oropharynx and stomach
SOD- only pasted in mouth
Reduced mortality in multivarate analysis by 3.5% and 2.9%

34
Q

JVIM 2017 What was the most common esohpageal FB and what was the surgical rate after endscopy

A

Bones, 6% when to surgery

35
Q

JVIM 2017 What occurred with repeated twice daily famotidine in dogs

A

Over two week period intragastr PH declined

36
Q

JVIM 2017 What were the effects in cats of symbiotic administration 1 hour after clindamycin

A

reduced vomiting and hyporexia but had no effect on diarrhea scores

37
Q

JVIM 2017 How is gastrin and gastric pH altered in cats with CKD vs controls

A

not stat different gastrin or gastric pH.

Cats with CKD have variable gastrin levels

38
Q

JVECC 2017 How did early enteral nutrition affect pancreatitis

A

Early nutrition ate more quikly on own compared to delay of 48 hours.
NPO for 48 hours had higher GI days through hospitalization

39
Q

JVECC 2017 What was the success rate for vomiting in cats with xylazine

A

60% for vomiting with 76% of those retreiving FB

40
Q

JVECC 2017 What is the results of 3% hydrogen proxide in cats

A

Necroulcerative collitis

41
Q

JVECC 2017 in a model of hemorrhagic shock in pigs how did HES 130/.04 compare to LRS

A

HES low percent of mucosal lesions in small intestine the LRS.
Duodenum may be more sensitive to hyovolemic induced by hemorrhage

42
Q

JVECCS 2017 What were the endoscopic and histologic findings of 3% H2O2 compared to apormorphine in dogs

A

significant visual and histological lesions that resolved at two weeks. Mild visual abnormaliteis with apomorphine, no histologic findings

43
Q

JAVAM 2017 How does hospitalization affect motility in healthy dogs

A

decreased gastric emptying. Remainder of GI tract transit normal

44
Q

JAVMA 2017 what are reasons to convert laprscropic GI FB removal to traditional

A

GI adhesions
Ileocecocolic intusception
Gastroduodenal involvment
Linear FB

45
Q

AJVR 2017 what were lidocaines effect on gastrointestinal motility

A

No effect on gastric emptying, but did increased remainder of GI transit time
Nausea and sedation at 50 mcg/kg/min dosing

46
Q

AJVR 2017 How does lap assisted incisional gastropexy alter gastric motility

A

No effect

47
Q

AJVR 2017 How does ingesting a light meal (1/2 RER) 3 hrs prior to anesthesia compare to 18 hour fasting

A

3 hr w/ meal: 61% GER and higher pH

18 hr fast: 43.9% GER lower pH

48
Q

AJVR 2017 In a study comparing fasting on GER what led to increased odds of GER regardless of fasting status

A

Dorsal recumbency 3 hr 3.8 x

18 hr 2.7 x

49
Q

JAVMA 2017 in a comparisons of sutures to stapling device what was the dehisence rate for each and what was the significance

A

Sutures: 13%
Staples 5%
Significant until multivariate with hypoalbuminemia

50
Q

JVECC 2018 In cats with GDV what are the common clinical sign and what are potential risk factors

A

Older cats spontaneous younger cats (<3) DH

Most common sign respiratory and did not see non productive retching

51
Q

JAVMA 2018 What esophageal FB was most likely to result in stricture

A

Food toys and house hold items

52
Q

JAVMA 2018 What findings led to an increased need for surgery with esophageal FB

A

Duration, Body weight, anorexia, lethargy, increased rectal temps, esophageal perforation

53
Q

JVIM 2018 How do SNAP cPL, Spec cPL, Vetscan cPL Rapid Test, and Precision PSL compare in pancreatitis

A

As long as clinical signs are present all are equal

54
Q

Vet Journal 2018 How did the prescence of diarrhea alter if a cat had an enteric pathogen

A

Diarrhea was not an indicator of enteropathogen presence

55
Q

JVECC 2019 What doses of hydromorphone resulted in what percentage of emesisi. Did the time to emesis change

A

0.1 mg/kg SQ

75% vomited

56
Q

JVECCS 2019 What are the drawbacks of dexmedetomidine to induce emesis

A

sedation, bradycardia, hypertension–> hypotension

Contra: cardiomyopathy, cardiac arrhythmias, BP alterations

57
Q

JVECCS 2019 How does hydromorphone stimulate vomiting in cats

A

In SQ/IM chemorecptor trigger zone outside of BBB

Once reaches the vomit center opiods inhibit emsis- within BBB

58
Q

What is the pringle manuever

A

Occlusion of the hepatoduodenal ligament with hepatic artery, portal vein, bile duct is generally included

59
Q

2019 JVIM What was noted on CT angiogram for pancreatitis vs. ultrasound

A

Necrosis was identified by heterogenous contrast enhancement and more sensitive for portal vein thrombosis and biliary mineralization

60
Q

2019 JVIM A CTA findings of heterogenous pancrease lead to what outcome

A

longer hospitalization and more likely to have portal vein thrombosis and relapse

61
Q

2019 JVIM What was noted about gastric wall edema with presumed pancreatitis

A

Thickening of the layers (often submucosa) at 9 mm Most cases did not have loss of layering but could not make further comparison to differentials

62
Q

2019 JVIM what were the two scores developed for acute pancreatitis

A

CAPS- canine acute pancreatitis severity

sCAPs- simplified version without SIRS but with RR

63
Q

2019 JVIM what is included in the CAPS score for acute pancreatitis in dogs

A 
Creatine > 1.6 mg/dl = 4 points
ICa < 4.4 = 3 points
Coagulation disorder Yes = 3 points
SIRS Yes = 8 points
>/= to 11 increase death (really to get this have to have SIRS)
64
Q

2019 JVIM what is included in the aCAPS score for acute pancreatitis in dogs

A 
Creatine > 1.6 mg/dl = 4 points
ICa < 4.4 = 3 points
Coagulation disorder Yes = 3 points
RR >/= 24   = 3
Score >/= 6 increased death within 30 days

Board Review 2020 (37 decks)

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