Idk Flashcards
Romanticism
Movement in art and literature in 18th and 19th C; in revolt against Neoclassicm of previos centuries; Characterized by emphasis on emotion and individualism; reaction to industrial revolution
Characeristics of Romanticism
emotion over reason; Glorification of nature; Rejected enlightenment; Encouraged personal freedom and flexibility; drew upon ideals of middle ages
Romantics of central and eastern europe
Romantics focused on peasant life and wrote folk songs, tales, and proverbs
William Wordsworth
Wrote “Lyrical Ballads,” one of most influential literary works in history of english language; deeply influenced by philosophy of Rousseou and spirit of early French Revolution
Percy Bysshe Shelly
Wrote “Prometheus Unbound,” He detaile the revolt of humans against a society that oppressis them
Johann WOlfgang von Goethe
Wrote “Sorrows of the Young Werther, which personnifies the romantic hero who was misunderstood and rejected by society; Novel influenced many others during this rea with tragic love stories
Victor Hugo
Wrote “Hunchback of Notre Dame,” and “Les Miserable;” Romanticism in his lovers were evident with use of fanstastic characers, and strange settings
Francisco Goya
Romantic painter; A court painter for Spanish Crown; painted numerous work of Peninsular War; most famous for “Third of May” that shows Spainish Revoutionaries being executed by French firing squad
Richard Wagner
German opera; Considered one of greatest opera composer of 19th C; Devoloped the “Music Drama” often considered culmination of romantic era; Strongly emphasized German myths and legends
Peter Tchaikovsky
Most well know of russian romantic composer; Perhaps most gifted euro composer in creation of Neutral melodies; Often used Russian folk songs in his symphanies and ballads
Revolutions of 1848
Challenged consrevative order and led to breakdown of concert of Europe; Only Britian and Russia avoided upheval; Nationalist and liberals;
February Revolution
Occurred in France; “Round 2” in French Revolution; Working class and liberals were unhappy with King Louis especially his minister who opposed electoral reform; Louis Abdicated throne in Feb 1848
Second French Republic
Brought from Louis Philippe abdicating throne; Led by liberal Aplhonse camertine who was allied w/ bougeoise
Reforms of second republic
Abolished slavery in empire; 10 hour workday in Paris for urban worker; Dealth penalty abolished; April elections for new consitutional assemby saw conflict b/w liberals and socialists
Louis Blanc
Socialist thinker; Led working classes; Demanded work for unemployed; Workers sought revolutionary republic after Blanc was dropped from consituent assembly
National Workshops
Created to provide work for unemployed
June Days Revolution
Cause: Gov’t closed national workshops; marked begining of class warfare in France b/w the bougeoise and working class; workers sought war against poverty and redistibution of income; Barricades were put up in streets to oppose gov’t forces
Giuseppe Mazzini
Italy; Established Roman Republic; Protected by Giuseppe Garibaldi and his army
Magyar
A hungarian Leader; A member of people who originated in the Urals and migrated westward; A fundamental political unit
Louis Kossuth
A hungarian leader who demanded independence; Hungarians ulimately defeated after Austrian army regrouped
Bohemia
Where Prague conference took place
Frankfurt Parliamen
Liberal, nationalist, and romantic leaders called for elections to a constiuent assembly from all state in German Bond; For purpose of unifying german States; Sought war with Denmark to annex Shcleswig and Holstein; Prussia declared war on Denmark
Frederick William IV
Prussian King who rejected liberal consiution; Claimed the divine right of kings; Imposed conservative conitution that guranteed royal control of gov’t; Hist attempt at unification of Germany ended in failure
Humiliation of Olmutz
Prussia dropped plan to unify germany; Left Austria as dominant German state in bond; prussia would seek revenge in 1866
Realpolitik
new generation of conservative leaders; Use of power politics to acheive political goals; Think welfare of state above all
Otto von Bismarck
The chancellor of Prussia until 1871 when he became chancellor of Germany; Conservative nationalist; led Prussia to vicotry against Austria and France; Responible for creation of german empire
old imperialism
Control of one nation by another; Euro powers did not usually acquire large amounts of territory in Africa + Asia but built a series of trade stations; Euro in Asia respected and cooperated with local rulers; Exception was in the New World
New Imperialism
Began in 1880 in Africa, earlier in Asia; By 1914 Euro controlled 84% of World’s territories; Caues for imperialism where the search for new markets + raw material + industial revolution created surplus of goods
Dr. David Livingstone
The first white man to do humanitarian and religious work in South and Central AFrica; Best know explorer and missionary; Opposed slave trade; Wanted to open up interiar of africa to chistianity and trade;
H.M. Stanley
A senstation seeking British journalaist and part time explore sent by Lenold 11 to Congo; Established trade and land for Beligium there
Social Darwinism
Application of Darwin’s concept of survival of the fittest to explain evolution in nature to human relationships; Rationalized the conquest of weak countires by stonger more civiliezed ones; justified military superiority and conquest
White man’s Burden
racist and patronizing view that preached that the Superior westerners had an obligation to bring their culture to unciivlized people in other part of the world; Sought to protect and improve the lives of non-Europeans
Scramble to Africa
By 1914 Europe controlled whole African continet except LIberia and ethiopia; Penetration into African Interior began in late 1870’s when Belgium took control of Congo; Britain’s conquest of Egypt became model of “New Imperialism;” Berlin Conference established rules among Euro powers for carving up Africa
