đź“ťIDEA PARAGRAPHS - developments Of The Cold War Flashcards
Explain the event of Khrushchev and peaceful coexistence
Why did he cause the thaw?
Because the western world saw stalin as an evil dictator who’s purges had been responsible for the death of 10 million people and Khrushchev wanted to move away from Thai kind of communism
Explain the event of NATO
Why was it introduced?
The reason it was introduced was because the USA needed to do more than just give Marshall aid in that there needed to be a group of countries that would work with the USA in order to secure capitalist countries. This involved Canada, Britain, Italy, Luxembourg, france, the Netherlands and turkey. It was able to stand up to communism as it had access to 50 divisions, 25 of which we’re active and by February 1952, it was agreed to dramatically increase the strength of NATO forces
Describe the U2 crisis
It happened in May 1st 1960 and was when Gary powers took off from a Pakistan air bass in a U2 spy plane in order to take pictures of the SU bases to see their development of nuclear weapons in comparison to the USA however the spy plane was shot down
Asses the significance of the Hungarian rising
What aspect of nagy’s reforms caused Khrushchev’s concern?
The allies didn’t intervene. Why and what did this show?
Nagy said he was going to pull out of the Warsaw Pact and so Khrushchev sent Warsaw tanks to overpower the Hungarians. Thousands were killed and in the end, Khrushchev replaced Nagy with Kadar - another hardline leader. This tells us that Khrushchev still wants to maintain the sphere of soviet control hence why its significant as it undermines peaceful coexistence. The allies didn’t intervene as they didn’t want to risk a physical war on their doorstep in Europe as they were dealing directly with the Su. The allies also had more pressing issues to deal with in the suez crisis in Egypt
Explain the Warsaw Pact
Why was it formed?
Stalin formed the Warsaw Pact as a counterbalance to NATO because now west Germany was involved, it had the potential to host nuclear weapons which could easily reach the SU. Also, NATO had 12 members while the Warsaw Pact only had 8 meaning Stalin had more countries to have to go up against in case of a hot war
Describe Khrushchev and peaceful coexistence
In 1953, Khrushchev came to power in the SU and introduced a system of destalinisation by releasing political prisoners, closing down cominform and talking of peaceful coexistence with the west
Describe the Hungarian rising
It took place in 1956 where students were protesting for greater civil rights, removal of rakosi and withdrawal of soviet troops. In response to their demands, a liberal communist - imre nagy - was allowed to take control and he introduced reforms
Asses the significance of NATO.
Why did it worry who?
NATO worried the SU because of when west Germany was allowed to join in 1955. This is evident when the SU formed the Warsaw Pact in response to bring together governments behind the iron curtain so the SU gained a better control over them and keep them under communist influence. This is evident as all armed forces were controlled by the SU and all decisions were made in Moscow.
Asses the significance of the Warsaw Pact
It was significant as if worried the USA because Stalin had a huge red army of 5.5 million personnel, he had access to 175 division as and had at least 100,000 aircraft. This was a worry because the joint command of all armed forces were controlled by the SU only and so Stalin could take action very quickly without time for the USA to negotiate a solution. This caused tension in the Cold War because both sides were now cautious of their actions in fear of more braver consequences now that new alliances had formed
Asses the event of Khrushchev and his talks of peaceful coexistence
He brought about a lessening of tensions as he proved to the west that he wanted more peace by attending the first post war summit in 1955 between the east and west, he reduced expenditure in arms and he relaxed soviet control over countries in Eastern Europe. This made everyone think that the arms race would de-escalate and there would be more freedom in soviet controlled countries however in Hungary 1956, Khrushchev would not tolerate Hungary moving out of the Warsaw Pact and enforced its control on the Warsaw Pact which lessened the effect of peaceful co-exsistence
Explain the Hungarian rising
Why were people unhappy?
People were unhappy due to the brutal regime, that leaders of the Catholic Church were being arrested and so they thought that destalinisation would give them an opportunity to change
Describe the events that were occurring in Asia
China, mao came to power in 1949 and gained communist control. In 1950, North Korea was ruled by Kim il sung who invaded South Korea. In Vietnam, 1960, Ho Chi Minh established communist control and went on to invade south Vietnam
Describe the arms race
It started in 1949 after the SU developed their own atomic bomb, similar to that which was dropped over Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945. It was a period of tension were the USA and SU showed of their superiority by creating new nuclear weapons to outdo each other for example when the USA built the first hydrogen bomb in 1952 and in 1953 the SU did the same
Explain the arms race
The arms race occurred because with nuclear weapons, each side had the power to fight back testing the countries strengths and capabilities. This made it develop into a race because each side was trying to develop something first as a form of propaganda in making themselves look more established than other countries.
Describe the Warsaw Pact
Or was formed in 1955 as a response to the alliance of west Germany joining NATO so Stalin hoped the Warsaw Pact could counterbalance the power of NATO
