8.1 Flashcards
Why was president carter under pressure already in nov 1979
- Seizure or us embassy staff as hostages in Iran by Islamic militante students.
- because they want their leader the shah to be returned from exile in USA to stand trial for crimes against people in Iran .
- carter failed to solve this problem and some pope, were accusing him of being a weak leader.
therefore, he took a firm approach with the Su …
What was American sand Su stance on Afghanistan before the invasion?
usa saw a soviet occupied Afghanistan would threaten India, Pakistan and its oil interest in the Persian gulf.
- Su invaded it as didn’t want to see a collapse or a scoailst state or the growth if us on its borders
What was the PDPA?
People’s Democratic Party of Afghanistan
What did the PDPA do?
On 27th April 1978
The PDPA overthrew the government of Afghanistan
Who initially became Prime Minister?
Nur Muhammed Taraki
What did the PDPA do in their first 18 months?
- Imposed a communist-style reform program
- Thousands of members of the Muslim religious establishment and intellectuals were imprisoned, tortured or murdered.
Who was Hazifullah Amin and what did he do?
He was the Deputy Prime Minister
He seized power from Taraki in September 1979
How did the mujahideen form?
Continued instablility because of renewed anti-Muslim policies
1000s of Afghan Muslims joined the mujahideen (Guerilla movement)
They wanted to overthrow the government
They declared a jihad (holy war)
How did the Soviets help the PDPA?
- In 1978, they began a military assistance program
- This was increased due to the instability and guerilla movements
- amin regime became entirely dependent on Su equipment and advisers however…
- Amin did not want to become too reliant on the USSR as he
- Wanted to improve links with the US
Why was Brezhnev concerned? (Islam)
He was concerned about the growing power and spread of Islamic Fundamentalism
He saw it as a threat to the Soviet system due to the 30 million Muslims in the USSR, wanted to tell them there would be no changes to the way this Su was run.
saw it as great threat to soviet system
How long did the Soviet Invasion last?
10 years
1979-1989
When did the initial invasion begin?
hiw many men sent in
25th December 1979 - 1st January 1980
More than 50,000 troops sent to Afghanistan to restore order and protect the PDPA from the mujahideen
What did Brezhnev claim about the invasion?, justifying it ?
That the USSR was only complying with the :
1978 Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Good Neighbourliness
that former President Taraki had signed
When was Amin shot?
27th December 1979
Who was Amin replaced by?
Babrak Kamal
who had been in exile in Moscow
