20. The Cuban Misslie Crisis

Question 1

How was American Influence in Cuba prior?

What did America control over their economy wise how it contribute

Answer 1

1) presidents believed in Cuba due to it being 145 km away thus American sphere of influence
2) by 1950s USA controlled most of Cuba’s Indurstry: railways and electricity production.
3) popular holiday destination for Americans
4) primary sugar exports here

Question 2

How far was the Cuban missile crisis from the USA?

Answer 2

145km

Question 3

Who ruled Cuba between 1933-1959?

Answer 3

Batista, he ran a corrupt and brutal government who’s was unpopular with Cubans but supported by USA

Question 4

How was their a divide amongst Cuban society under Batista’s rule?

Answer 4

American investment allowed many members of the Cuban government and US businessmen to become very wealthy while life for ordinary Cubans was tough

Question 4

How the Cuban revolution (when) happen

Why was this nightmare for USA

What USA do to respond(2)

Answer 4

1959

1) Castro took control of all America. Property that was located in Cuba
2) removed capitalist companies , us nightmare as socialist leader on doorstep

3) responded by threatening to bankrupt whole economy by banning sugar imports.
- also refused to acknowledge his govenment as they knew it had connections to communism

Question 4

How did soviet Cuban relations development(5)

How was Castro seen as?

Answer 4

1) turned to the east, and Krushcev was delighted to have such a close ally to us mainland
2) bought the Cuban sugar saving economy
3) the. Sent weapons to Cuba in 59/60,
4) diplomats of Su fisted Castro
5) openly Promised to send military assurance in a speech and this helped increase the relations …

Castro seen as a “beacon, a hopeful lighthouse to all unfortunate exploited people of Latin America “

Question 5

What did Eisenhower initiate before end of presidency, after breaking diplomatic relations in

1) what aim
2) who trained
3) what budget
4) what called
5) how many dons

Answer 5

1) initiate a scheme where Cuban exiles from when Castro seized control in USA would be trained in preparation for an invasion into Cuba to remove Castro . Kennedy succeeding Castro in 1962 took over this
2) trained by CIA in Florida and Guatemala
3) budget was 45$milliom
4) called la brigade 2506
5) 1500

Question 6

When was the bay of pigs plan initiated?

Answer 6

1 January 1961 after Kennedy came to power, following Eisenhower’s scheme

Question 7

How did the bay of pigs incident roughly go down?

How many Castro men did they encounter

HIW MANY DIED AND IMPRSIONED

What happened in 1962 to the prisoners?

Answer 7

1)US planes bombed the Cuban airforce
2) however the second wave was cancelled, allowing remnants of Cuban airforce to regroup and fight again the day after
3( la brigade landed at the bay of pigs but encountered 20000 men from Castro’s army
4)as a result fighting ended, where 100 la brigade died and 1.1k arrested

5) finally in 1962 the
Prisoners were released after citizens and organisations in USA raised $53million in food and medicine to Cuba

Question 8

Why did the bay of pigs fail ?

What did the CIA assume the bay of pig plans would do?

Answer 8

1) CIA thought they would Inspire others in Cuba to take up arms against Castro, however misjudged the fact that Castro was extremely popular
2) Castro already know about an invasion due to some exiles discussing it in Miami
3) decision to not attack again second time failed it really. No match for the rest of the soldiers.

Question 9

What consequence did the Bay of pigs plan have on the US and Kennedy?And on Castro? (4consequences)

What did Castro do much to their demise at the end of 1961

Answer 9

1) Castro was losing support because of economy yet this mad him stronger due to patriotic and united Cuba now.
2) similarly USA lost support for the people in Latin America as The USA had broken international law and been completely humiliated and Kennedy looked weak and incompetent in his first few months of being president.
3) Castro was pushed further into alliance with the SU . At the end of 196, he declared him being communist…
4) Su had claims to put missiles in Cuba now to “protect them”

Question 10

What was Operation mongoose?

Answer 10

As Kennedy humiliated he wanted to rid Cuba of Castro.

• mongoose was a secret operation to do so

Question 11

How was Krushcev able to get away with building missiles in Cuba?

How did this happen then

But what SITUATION CHANGED EVERYTHING?? What date too, when operational

But what was the most scary thing for America!?

Answer 11

1) said he was defending cuba for future attack like bay of pigs
2) 1962 sep soviet technicians began to install ballistic missiles. These were NOT offensive too, unlike ones in turkey

3) 14 the October U-2 spy plane took photos of Cuba which showed soviet IRBMS in construction. Estimated operational by November .
4) they could hit any us city so serious threat to America, panic now…

Question 12

Why would the do nothing option for Kennedy to deal with the crisis be a good idea?

Answer 12

Because overacting could come to nuclear war as the USA still had more nukes that the su

Question 13

Why would the do nothing option for Kennedy to deal with the crisis be a bad idea?

Answer 13

• would send the SU the wrong message after warning them to do nothing
• the issue would still exist
• it would make America look weak

Question 14

Why would the surgical air attack option for Kennedy to deal with the crisis be a good idea?

Answer 14

-good as the USA has well trained US forces and plane technology meant it was safe to take out bases and remove the threat

Question 15

Why would the surgical air attack option for Kennedy to deal with the crisis be a bad idea?

Answer 15

There may not be a 100% success rate and may be seen as too aggressive and could kill some SUs causing the other countries to retaliate

Question 16

Why would the invasion option for Kennedy to deal with the crisis be a good idea?

Answer 16

-As the strong us army could remove threat and overthrow Castro at the same time

Question 17

Why would the invasion option for Kennedy to deal with the crisis be a bad idea?

Answer 17

The bay of pigs was already a fail, missiles could still be on Cuba and Cuban and SU troops would retaliate

Question 18

Why would diplomatic pressure be a good way of Kennedy dealing with the missile crisis?

Answer 18

It avoids conflicts and would show the USA was serious but not aggressive and it means organisations like the UN could help resolve issues before it got out of hand

Question 19

Why would diplomatic pressure not be a good idea for Kennedy to deal with the missile crisis?

Answer 19

As if it failed and the USA was forced to back down, then it would show weakness

Question 20

Why was a blockade a good way of Kennedy dealing with the missile crisis?

Answer 20

It would weaken Cuba as no more supplies from the SU could reach it

Question 21

Why would a blockade over Cuba be a bad way of Kennedy dealing with the missile crisis?

Answer 21

As it meant the Soviet Union could choose to retaliate and blockade elsewhere like it did to Berlin back in 1940

Question 22

What was Kennedy reaction ? To the bombs in Cuba

What 5 options

Answer 22

Next 13 days would be the longest
1) Kennedy set up a team of 12 advisers including his brother Robert .
Discussed these options
-bomb Cuba and su nuclear wise
- invade Cuba
- use air stoke to destroy the missiles
- blockade cuba
- do nothing

Question 23

How did the missile crisis positively effect Cuba’s relationship with the su?

Answer 23

Cuba and the SU remained close allies for the remainders of the Cold War much to the USA’s frustration

Question 24

What was actually decided

How long was this

What else made ready army wise and bomb wise (ICBMs for example )

Answer 24

1) naval blockade to strand them from Su supplies and military equipment
2) 3300lm around cuba
3) Polaris submarines, 156ICMBSs, airforce bombers and hundred thousands soldiers

Question 24

What happened on the 22nd October 1962

What did this do

Answer 24

Kennedy Adressen the People of USA about blockade in a Television broadcast creating immense tension and panic too

Also didn’t back down from potential use of nuclear power- tense atmosphere.

Question 24

What happens after the television address: October crisis

1) what did Kennedy tell Krushcev
2) what then happened 24th, then what ultimatum did Kennedy say
3) what happened 26
4) 27th, plus what caused tensions to reach a peak
5: finally how was it resolved…
6) what about turkey ?

Answer 24

1) said any Su convoy approaching would be stopped and if had military equipment it would not be permitted to pass and return
2)18 Su ships came, yet TURNED AROUND to avoid confrontation
Now Kennedy said to remove missiles or else he would invade
3) 26th first letter: offered to remove missiles if bloated was removed AND PROMISE TO NOT INVADE CUBA
4) 27th: Second letter, tougher, saying promise to remove missiles if USA removed its missiles from turkey too. A U2 SPY PLANE GOT SHOT DOEN NOW, AND WE ARE AT PEAK OF TENSION.
5) at the suggestion of brother, 28th, he ignored the second letter and accepted terms of the first . (He added if there was no response by 29th they would invade Cuba). Krushcev accepted
6) USA agreed to remove turkey missiles, but this was kept SECRET and done much later after Cuba ones removed

Question 24

Consequences of Cuban missile crisis

1)rivalries

Answer 24

1) Kennedy seemed to have win war of words and stood up to communists and looked like Krushcev backed down.
2) leading politicians in Su wanted to remove Krushcev as a result. Mao Zedong criticsed kruschev for placing missiles and then doing nothing about it. Yet turkey was up public and this lack of support made him leave in 1964…
3) however Krushcev saw it as victory as he saved Cuba from invasion and managed to remove the Turkish missiles. Unfortunately as this was not made public, it was more he failed and thus he was removed in 1964

So 1) different attitudes 2) turkey removed 3) Krushcev replaced

Question 24

Consequence of crisis

2) the hotline

Answer 24

Hotline was made as a means to reduce tension. In case anything like this happened again they needed a better for, of communication, so a telephone link was established between Washington and the Kremlin, showing signs of possible redemption

Question 24

Consequences of missile crisis
3) treaties and overall attempt to reduce tension later on

1) What 3 treaties signed
2) what talks were being held and what period are we shifting into and why !

3) what did USA do in 1963 which showed betterment in relations

Finally who was sad as a result of the crisis in countries?

Answer 24

1) Limited Test ban Treaty august 1963: Ich USA and Su agreed to stop testing their nuclear weapons in the atmosphere
2) outer space treaty 1968, involving other countries too agreed to use outer space for peaceful purposes only and not place weapons into orbit
3) nuclear non-proliferation treaty: 1968, countries signed agreed nit to develop any nuclear weapons at all
4) considerations to reduce arsenals happened due to how close they got to nuclei we war . 1969 these bangs, known as sALT
5) tensions reduced and relations increased. 1963 USA sold grain to Su

6) Europe as they hadn’t been consulted at any time. As a result, France left military side of NATO in 1966…

Question 24

Overall consequences

3-4

Answer 24

1) rivalry change: different attitudes to who won, tensions for Krushcev and ultimately replaced, turkey bombs removed
2) hotline : first attempt at some sort of betterment of relations and understanding of how close they were to war
3) treaties, 3 treaties signed , salt 1 talks leading to start of detente

4) betterment of relations in superpowers, grain sold, yet France leaving nato miktiwry