Hypoglycaemia Flashcards
Causes of hypoglycaemia
insulinoma
Drugs - insulin/sulphonylureas
liver failure
Addison’s disease
Alcohol
Explain the mechanism behind alcohol causing hypoglycaemia
alcohol affects pancreatic microcirculation
=> redistribution of pancreatic blood flow from the exocrine into the endocrine parts
=> increased insulin secretion
Describe the body’s physiological response to hypoglycaemia
Hormonal response:
- reduced insulin secretio
- increased glucagon secretion
Sympathoadrenal response:
- increased adrenergic and cholinergic neurotransmission in the peripheral and central nervous system
Symptoms seen in a hypoglycaemia of <3.3
Sweating
Shaking
Hunger
Anxiety
Nausea
Symptoms seen if hypoglycaemia <2.8
Weakness
Vision changes
Confusion
Dizziness
What severe consequences can occur as a result of hypoglycaemia
Seizure
Coma
Management of hypoglycaemia
- oral glucose 10-20g
- IM glucagon
- IV dextrose 20%
