Hypertension an Heart Failure

Question 1

Beta adrenoreceptor blocker examples

Answer 1

Propranolol

Labetalol

Question 2

Beta adrenoreceptor blocker mechanism of action

Answer 2

Decrease sympathetic tone by blocking Na and Adrenaline receptors
Reducing myocardial contraction
Reducing CO 
Reducing renin secretions 
Hypertensive effect.

Question 3

Beta adrenoreceptor blocker uses

Answer 3

Hypertension

Question 4

Beta adrenoreceptor blocker side effects

Answer 4

Bronchoconstriction
Tachycardia in insulin induced hypoglycaemia
Lethargy, impaired concentration, decreased exercise tolerance, bradycardia, Reynauds

Question 5

Alpha adrenoreceptor blocker example

Answer 5

Doxazosin

Question 6

Alpha adrenoreceptor blocker mechanism of action

Answer 6

Selective antagonist at alpha 1 adrenoreceptor
Antagonise contractile effects of Na on vascular smooth muscle
Reduce peripheral vascular resistance

Question 7

Alpha adrenoreceptor blocker uses

Answer 7

Hypertension

Question 8

Alpha adrenoreceptor blocker side effects

Answer 8

Postural hypotension

Question 9

Ace inhibitor examples

Answer 9

Lisinopril

Ramipril

Question 10

ACE inhibitor mechanism of action

Answer 10

Limits conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II by inhibiting angiotensin converting enzyme.
Reduced angiotensin II means vasodilation and decreased aldosterone, ADH and cell growth
Antihypertensive
Also ACE breaks down bradykinin so more bradykinin causing vasodilation

Question 11

ACE inhibitor uses

Answer 11

Hypertension

Question 12

ACE inhibitor side effects

Answer 12

Persistent dry cough
Angioedema 
Renal failure
Hyperkalaemia
K+ sparing diuretic reaction

Question 13

ARBs examples

Answer 13

Cardesartan

Losartan

Question 14

ARBs mechanism of action

Answer 14

Blocks angiotensin II action by preventing AT1 receptors on the muscle surrounding blood vessels so causes vasodilation and anti hypertensive effects
AT1 receptor blocker

Question 15

ARBs uses

Answer 15

Hypertension

Heart failure

Question 16

ARBs side effect

Answer 16

Renal failure
Hyperkalemia
No dry cough

Question 17

Nitrates examples

Answer 17

GTN spray

Isosorbide mononitrate

Question 18

Nitrates mechanism of action

Answer 18

Soluble guanylyl cyclase activation
elevated cGMP
Vasodilation

Question 19

Nitrates uses

Answer 19

Angina

Question 20

Calcium channel blockers examples

Answer 20

Amlodipine
Diltiazem
Verapamil

Question 21

Calcium channel blocker mechanism of action

Answer 21

Target calcium initiated smooth muscle contraction
Amlodipine- dihydropyridine which selects peripheral vasculature with little chronological or inotropic effect
Verapamil- phenylalkayamine depresses SANode and slows AV nose causing negative inotropy
Diltiazem- Benzothiazapines- impedes calcium transport across myocardial and vascular sooth muscle membrane so prolongs action potential

Question 22

CCB uses

Answer 22

Amlodipine- Hypertension
Verapamil- Hypertension, arrhythmias and angina
Diltiazem- Hypertension and angina

Question 23

CCB side effects

Answer 23

Amlodipime- tachycardia, palpitations, flushing, sweating
Verapamil- constipation and bradycardia
Diltiazem- bradycardia, negative inotropic effect