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Pharmacology > Gastrointestinal Drugs > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Antacid examples

A

Gaviscon

Aluminium hydroxide

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2
Q

Antacid mechanism of action

A

Neutralises stomach acid

Relieves symptoms but does not treat the illness

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3
Q

Antacid uses

A 
GORD 
Indigestion
Acid reflux
Stomach ulcers 
Gastritis 
heart burn
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4
Q

Antacid side effects

A

GI upset

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5
Q

Compound alginate examples

A

Alginic acid

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6
Q

Compound alginate mechanism of action

A

Combines with bicarbonate to inhibit reflex

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7
Q

Compound alginate uses

A

Protects stomach mucosa

GORD

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8
Q

Compound alginate side effects

A

Severe stomach pain
Constipation
Bloody or tarry stools

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9
Q

Anti motility drug example

A

Loperamide

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10
Q

Anti motility drug mechanism of action

A

Intestinal u receptor agonist
Slows intestinal movement and affects water and electrolyte movement
Inhibits peristalsis

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11
Q

Anti motility drug uses

A

Diarrhoea

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12
Q

Anti motility drug side effects

A

GI upset

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13
Q

Antispasmodic examples

A

Hyoscine hydrobromide

Mebeverine

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14
Q

Antispasmodic mechanism of action

A

Muscarinic receptor antagonist
Binds to ach receptors and prevent ach binding
Reduce muscle contractions

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15
Q

Anti spasmodic uses

A

IBD

Ulcers

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16
Q

Antispasmodic side effects

A

GI upset , drowsiness, headache, dizziness, dry mouth, blurred visions

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17
Q

Histamine H2 antagonist examples

A

Ranitidine

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18
Q

Histamine H2 antagonist mechanism of action

A

H2 blocker so stops parietal cells in the stomach lining responding to histamine
Reduced acid

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19
Q

Histamine H2 antagonist uses

A

GORD

Ulcers

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20
Q

Histamine H2 antagonist side effects

A 
Diarrhoea
Headaches
Dizziness
Rash
Tiredness
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21
Q

Proton pump inhibitor examples

A

Omeprazole
Lansoprazole
Esmeprazole

22
Q

Proton pump inhibitor mechanism of action

A

Block hydrogen potassium pump
Prevents parietal cells in the stomach producing acid
So rescued acid in stomach

23
Q

Proton pump inhibitor uses

A

GORD

Ulcers

24
Q

Proton pump inhibitor side effects

A

GI upset

Headaches

25
Q

What is GORD management?

A

Antacid and lifestyle change
H2 antagonist
PPI
Upper HI endoscopy

26
Q

IBD drug examples

A

Mesalazine

Infliximab

27
Q

IBD mechanism of action

A

Mesalazine- acts on cells lining the intestine and change how they release chemicals to reduce flare up
Infliimab- neutralises TNF alpha activity by binding and preventing TNF alpha binding to its receptors

28
Q

IBD drug uses

A

Ulcerative colitis

Chrohns Disease

29
Q

IBD drug side effects

A

GI upset
Headaches
Dizziness

30
Q

H pylori treatment

A

Triple therapy for 1 week
Clarithromycin
Amoxicillin
Lanzoprazole

31
Q

What is H pylori?

A

Gram negative bacteria
Causes Gastric duodenal inflammation and ulceration
Toxic to epithelial cells and degraded the mucosal lining
Carbon 13 urease breath test or stool antigen test

32
Q

Stool softener example

A

Glycerin suppository

Arachis oil

33
Q

Stool softener mechanism of action

A

Lubrications and break down of stools to aid passing

34
Q

Stool softener uses

A

Constipation

35
Q

Stool softer side effects

A

Light headed
Fibrillation
Rectum irritation and bleeding

36
Q

Phosphate enema examples

A

Saline laxatives

37
Q

Phosphate enema mechanism of action

A

Increase fluid in the small intestine

38
Q

Phosphate enema mechanism of action

A

Increase fluid in the small intestine

39
Q

Phosphate enema uses

A

Constipation

40
Q

Phosphate enema side effects

A

GI upset

41
Q

Stimulant laxative examples

A

Senna
Sodium picosulphate
Docusate sodium

42
Q

Stimulant laxative mechanism of action

A

Enhance gut motility and increase water and electrolyte transfer into lower gut

43
Q

Stimulant laxative uses

A

Constipation

44
Q

Stimulant laxative side effects

A

GI upset

45
Q

Bulk forming laxative examples

A

Ispaghula husk

Methylcellulose

46
Q

Bulk forming laxative mechanism of action

A

Stimulation through increased faecal bulk, hydrophilic action causing gut lumen water retention

47
Q

Bulk forming laxative uses

A

Constipation

48
Q

Bulk forming laxative side effects

A

GI upset

49
Q

Osmotic laxative examples

A

Lactulose

Macrogols

50
Q

Osmotic laxative mechanism of action

A

Increase water in large bowel
Lactulose draws fluid in
Softens and make easier to pass by adding water

51
Q

Osmotic laxative uses

A

Constipation

52
Q

Osmotic laxative side effects

A

GI upset

Pharmacology (13 decks)

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