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Pharmacology > Anticoagulants > Flashcards

Anticoagulants Flashcards

1
Q

Vitamin K antagonist example

A

Warfarin

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2
Q

Vitamin K antagonist mechanism of action

A

Inhibits production of vitamin k dependant clotting factors
Stops conversion of vitamin to active reduced forms
II, VII, IX and X
Vitamin K eponide reductase inhibitor

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3
Q

Vitamin K antagonist uses

A

DVT and PE prophylaxis and treatment
AF
after orthopedic surgery
Protein S and C deficiency

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4
Q

Vitamin K antagonist side effects

A

CYP2C9 means lots of variability do must be monitored
crosses the placenta
bleeding
interactions

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5
Q

Paraenteral anticoagulant example

A

Heparin

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6
Q

Paraenteral anticoagulant mechanism of action

A

Inhibits the action of coagulation factors
Produced naturally in mast cells and vascular endothelium
Unfractionated- binding antithrombin cause conformational change and increased activity
low molecular weight- targets Xa

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7
Q

Parenteral anticoagulant uses

A

DVT, PE, AF, MI, NSTEMI, quicker onset than warfarin, does not cross placenta

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8
Q

Parenteral anticoagulant side effects

A

Bruising, bleeding, thrombocytopenia, osteoporosis and hypersensitivity

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9
Q

Synthetic pentasaccharide example

A

Fondaparinux

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10
Q

Synthetic pentasaccharide mechanism of action

A

inhibition of active clotting factor Xa

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11
Q

Direct acting oral anticoagulant examples

A

Apixaban

Rivaraxaban

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12
Q

Direct acting oral anticogulant mechanism of action

A

inhibition of active clotting factor Xa

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13
Q

Direct thrombin inhibitor examples

A

Agatroban

Dabigartran

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14
Q

Direct thrombin inhibitor mechanism of action

A

inhibition of clotting factor IIa

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15
Q

Heparin reversal examples

A

Protamine sulphate

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16
Q

Heparin reversal mechanism of action

A

cationic peptide that binds to heparin forming inactive ion pair

17
Q

Warfarin reversal example

A

Vitamin K1

18
Q

Warfarin reversal mechanism of action

A

Prothrombin complex concentrate

Promote production of clotting factors

19
Q

Cyclooxygenase inhibitor example

A

Aspirin

20
Q

Cyclooxygenase inhibitor mechanism of action

A

reduction of TXA2 synthase by cox 1 inhibition

21
Q

cyclooxyganse inhibitor uses

A

Secondary prevention of stroke and TIA and MI and stable angina if other agents are contradicted

22
Q

P2Y12/ADP receptor antagonist examples

A

Clopidogrel

Ticagrelor

23
Q

P2Y12/ADP receptor antagonist mechanism of action

A

inhibits binding of ADP to P2Y12 receptor and inhibits activation of GPIIb/IIIa receptor (calcium mediated)
P2Y12 receptor antagonist

24
Q

P2Y12/ADP receptor antagonist uses

A

secondary prevention post MI

reduce morbidity and mortality post thromboembolic stroke

25
Q

Phosphodiesterase inhibitor example

A

Dipyridamole

26
Q

Phosphodiesterase inhibitor mechanism of action

A

Phosphodiesterase inhibitor and inhibition of adenosine reuptake in platelets
inhibits GPIIb/IIIa as prevents camp and gap degradation

27
Q

Phosphodiesterase inhibitor uses

A

secondary prevention in ischemic strokes

28
Q

phosphodiesterase inhibitor side effects

A

flushing
headaches
hypersensitivity

29
Q

Glycoprotein IIB/IIIA inhibitor example

A

Abciximab

30
Q

Glycoprotein IIB/IIIA inhibitor mechanism

A

Irreversible binding of GPIIB/IIIA receptor

31
Q

Glycoprotein IIB/IIIA inhibitor uses

A

secondary prevention in ischemic strokes and MI

32
Q

Fibrinolytic example

A

Alteplase

Keteplase

33
Q

Fibrinolytic mechanism of action

A

dissolve fibrin meshwork of thrombus
activate plasminogen
binds to activate plasmin to plasminogen

34
Q

Fibrinolytic uses

A

thromboembolic disorders

35
Q

Antifibrinolytic example

A

Tranexamic acid

36
Q

Antifibrinolytic mechanism of action

A

inhibits activation of plasminogen from plasmin

37
Q

Antifibrinolytic uses

A

inhibits fibrinolysis
promote blood clotting
prevent bleeding

38
Q

Antifibrinolytic side effects

A

blood clots
nausea
diarrhoea
tired and dizzy

Pharmacology (13 decks)

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