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Hypertension Flashcards

1
Q

ARB Side effects

A

edema and hyperkalemia (messing with filtration)

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2
Q

Alpha blockers indications

A

Works for BPH because it relaxes the muscles which allows you to pee (NOT for BP anymore)

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3
Q

Alpha blockers Contraindication

A

orthostatic

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4
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers have two main types

A

Dihydropyridines and Nondihydropyridines

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5
Q

Alpha-1 blockers examples

A

doxazosin, terazosin, prazosin

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6
Q

Initial treatment for patients without co-factors

A

Thiazide diuretic
CCB
ACEi
ARB

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7
Q

Centrally-acting medications (clonidine) and direct vasodilators (minoxidil and hydralazine)
are only used for

A

resistant HTN after spironolactone

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8
Q

ARB Contraindication

A

Pregnancy, hyperkalemia because you’re messing with the body’s filtration

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9
Q

lisinopril is the DOC for

A

hepatic dysfunction

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10
Q

First line is always

A

diuretic

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11
Q

ACE inhibitors and ARBs: Promotes regression of left

A

ventricular hypertrophy

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12
Q

What causes hypertension and heart damage? Increase in __ and ___

A

sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotensin- aldosterone system activity (RAAS)

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13
Q

Direct acting vasodilators should be combined with ___ and ____ -> due to reflex tachycardia and fluid retention

A

BBs and diuretics

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14
Q

CCB Contraindication

A

heart block (because CCB effects the impulses in the heart)

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15
Q

If you have DM you might not want to take BB because

A

its excreted renally

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16
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers: Dihydropyridines end in

A

“ine”

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17
Q

CCB indications

A

Old people with high SBP

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18
Q

ACEis are good for diabetics because

A

they protect the kidney

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19
Q

B1 vs B2: Loss of selectivity as

A

dose increases

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20
Q

Diuretics Side effects

A

hyper and hypo everything (because you’re messing with the filtration of things)

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21
Q

ACEi Contraindication

A

Because it’s a big gun, don’t use for pregnancy, and because it effects angiotensin don’t use if they have hyperkalemia

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22
Q

Beta blockers Side effects

A

Think about the contraindications- It can cause bronchospasm, slow the heart TOO much, slow your lipido, also randomly can cause hyperlipidemia

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23
Q

Aliskiren is not good for

A

pregnancy

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24
Q

Alpha blockers Side effects

A

orthostatic (same as contraindication)

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25
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers: benefit of Nondihydropyridines

A

delayed drug release for several hours after dosing; benefit when dosing in the evening

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26
Q

ACE inhibitors and ARBs: ___ neutral

A

Lipid

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27
Q

Initial treatment for black people with out DM

A

Thiazide diuretic
or
CCB

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28
Q

Direct acting vasodilators examples

A

minoxidil and hydralazine

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29
Q

Verapamil and diltiazem increase levels of d___, s____, l___

A

digoxin, simvastatin and lovastatin

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30
Q

What causes hypertension and heart damage? Changes in n___ peptides, g__ factors, inflammatory c____

A

natriuretic peptides, growth factors and inflammatory cytokines

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31
Q

BB can mask

A

hypoglycemia

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32
Q

Direct acting vasodilators are always

A

combined with something else

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33
Q

Centrally-acting medications examples

34
Q

between Propranolol and atenolol, which crosses the BBB more

A

propranolol

35
Q

Beta- Blockers: first pass metabolism

A

Propranolol and metoprolol

36
Q

Verapamil is what type of drug

37
Q

ACE inhibitors and ARBs: Less effective in

A

Less effective in African American than Caucasian

38
Q

____ and ____ improve mortality of CHF in African Americans

A

Hydralazine + nitrates

39
Q

Sartans are aka

40
Q

Beta- Blockers: renal excretion

A

Atenolol and nadolol

41
Q

sartans are

A

Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs)

42
Q

Drug-Drug Interactions: ___ decrease effectiveness of anti-HTN medications

43
Q

Direct acting vasodilators should be combined with BBs and diuretics -> due to

A

reflex tachycardia and fluid retention

44
Q

ACE inhibitors and ARBs: Prevents progression of diabetic

A

proteinuria

45
Q

ACEi Side effects

A

Can cause a cough (april is when you get allergies), edema and hyperkalemia because it messes with angiotensin

46
Q

What causes hypertension and heart damage? Increased vascular s____ and e____ dysfunction modifications in hemodynamic effects

A

Increased vascular stiffness and endothelial dysfunction modifications in hemodynamic effects

47
Q

Cross blood brain barrier -> tremors

A

beta blockers

48
Q

Beta- Blockers: More effective in

A

younger patients

49
Q

Alpha-1 blockers (doxazosin, terazosin, prazosin) are reserved for

A

Patients with BPH (NOT used for HTN)

50
Q

fosinopril

A

no dosage adjustment; undergoes compensatory eliminiation

51
Q

HTN in Pregnancy: Preferred due to fewer side effects

52
Q

two of the ADRs for Aliskiren

A

cough and decreased hemoglobin

53
Q

Diuretics Contraindication

A

Gout; renal insufficiency

because its urine so renal is a factor, and gout has to do with uricemia

54
Q

which class is a prodrug

A

ACE inhibitor

55
Q

What should you eat when taking Aliskiren

A

not fatty food because it decreases absorption

56
Q

Aliskiren is a ___ ____ i____

A

Direct Renin Inhibitor

57
Q

methydopa can be used during

58
Q

ACEi indications

A

This, along with beta blockers, is the other big gun. Use it for HF, previous MI, DM nephropathy/proteinuira

59
Q

Aliskiren compared to ACEi and ARBs

A

just as effective

60
Q

What causes hypertension and heart damage? decrease in the release of

A

vasodilators

61
Q

Prils are aka

A

ACE inhibitors

62
Q

B1 vs B2: better cardioselectivity

63
Q

HTN in Pregnancy: Absolute contraindications

A

ACEI, ARBs, Aliskiren

64
Q

Drug-Drug Interactions: Diuretics: Hypokalemia can cause ____ toxicity

65
Q

Hydralazine + nitrates improve

A

mortality of CHF in African Americans

66
Q

direct vasodilators examples

A

minoxidil and hydralazine

67
Q

ACE inhibitors and ARBs: Slows progression of

68
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers: Nondihydropyridines end in

A

zem and pil

69
Q

ACE inhibitors and ARBs: Equally effective in

A

young and geriatric population

70
Q

Drug-Drug Interactions: Diuretics: Hyponatremia may increase ___ levels

71
Q

Diuretics indications

A

Aunt Yai HAS it
HF
Age
Systolic HTN

72
Q

CCB Side effects

A

gingival hyperplasia

73
Q

ARBs stands for

A

Angiotensin II receptor blockers

74
Q

diltiazem is what type of drug

75
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers: Dihydropyridines are more potent peripheral vasodilators than nonDHPs-> more:

A

flushing, peripheral edema, reflex tacchycardia, h/a, dizziness

76
Q

Beta blockers indications

A

These ones are for the really serious things!

Previous MI, angina, HF, tachyarrhythmias, migraines

77
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers: Dihydropyridines are more __ ___ ___ than nonDHPs

A

potent peripheral vasodilators

78
Q

Treatment for stage 2 HTN (SBP over 20 and DBP over 10)

A

2 agents from 2 different classes

79
Q

ARB indications

A

It’s good for a cough caused be ACEi and CHF

80
Q

Beta blockers Contraindication

A

Its a blocker, so don’t take it for things where there’s already a blocking problem:
heart block, asthma, COPD

81
Q

B1 is Beneficial in c___ and a___

A

COPD and asthma

Pharm (23 decks)

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