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Pharm > Geriatric Pharmacology > Flashcards

Geriatric Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Young Adults vs Older Adults: Body water (% of body weight)

A

Older Adults are composed of less water

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2
Q

Young Adults vs Older Adults: Lean body mass (% of body weight)

A

Older Adults are composed of less lean body mass

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3
Q

Young Adults vs Older Adults: Body fat

A

Older Adults are more body fat

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4
Q

Young Adults vs Older Adults: Serum albumin

A

Older Adults have less albumin

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5
Q

Young Adults vs Older Adults: Kidney weight

A

Older Adults have smaller kidneys

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6
Q

Young Adults vs Older Adults: Hepatic blood flow

A

Older Adults have less blood flow to the liver

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7
Q

Absorption - age may not be an independent factor; however

A

the conditions associated with aging may be (healthy 80 year old vs unhealthy 60 year old)

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8
Q

Old people: consideration for Absorption

A

Use of antacids, laxatives, chronic constipation, and diarrhea influence gastric emptying

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9
Q

Old people: consideration for Distribution

A

The composition of the aging body may influence serum proteins, volume of distribution and clearance of drugs.

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10
Q

Old people: consideration for Metabolism - aging correlates more with the liver’s ability to metabolize drugs in the Phase

A

I reactions (P450) than Phase II (conjugation) reactions.

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11
Q

Old people: consideration for Metabolism: Decreased b____

A

Decreased blood flow to liver

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12
Q

Old people: consideration for Metabolism: Decreased a____

A

Decreased ability of liver to recover from injury (alcohol or viral hepatitis)

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13
Q

Old people: consideration for Metabolism: _____ diseases (heart failure)

A

Concomitant

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14
Q

Old people: consideration for Metabolism: Severe

A

malnutrition

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15
Q

Old people: consideration for Elimination: a decline in

A

creatinine clearance. Accumulation of drug can potentially lead to toxicity.

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16
Q

Old people: consideration for CNS Drugs

A

Sedative-hypnotics: t ½ of denzodiazepines (BDZ) and barbiturates may increase → increased toxicities that may cause ataxia and other stability impairments → increased falls and fractures

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17
Q

Old people: consideration for CNS Drugs: Sedative-hypnotics: t ½ of denzodiazepines (BDZ) and barbiturates may increase →

A

increased toxicities that may cause ataxia and other stability impairments → increased falls and fractures

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18
Q

Old people: consideration for CNS Drugs: Sedative-hypnotics: t ½ of denzodiazepines (BDZ) and barbiturates may increase → increased toxicities that may cause ataxia and other stability impairments → increased falls and fractures. What might be drugs that have lower risks?

A

lorazepam and oxazepam may offer lower risks

19
Q

Old people: consideration for CNS Drugs: Opioid analgesics:

A

increased sensitivity to these agents may produce respiratory depression with lower doses.

20
Q

Old people: consideration for CNS Drugs: Antipsychotics and Antidepressants: Higher sedative and muscarinic effects

A

may contribute to memory impairments and intellectual dysfunction

21
Q 
Old people: consideration for CNS Drugs: Antipsychotics: 
E
A
t
P
B
TD
A 
Extrapyramidal toxicity-dystonia
akathisia
tremor
parkinsonism
bradykinesia
tardive dyskinesia
22
Q

Old people: consideration for CNS Drugs: Antipsychotics and Antidepressants: Increased a-adrenoceptor blockade will cause

A

higher incidences of orthostatic hypotension (older drugs, chlorpromazine)

23
Q

Old people: consideration for CNS Drugs: Antipsychotics and Antidepressants: Antidepressants may have higher rates of

A

adverse drug reactions

24
Q

akathisia

A

restless

25
Q

Extrapyramidal toxicity-dystonia

A

muscle movements

26
Q

tardive dyskinesia

A

repetitive, involuntary movements

27
Q

Old people: consideration for Cardiovascular Drugs: Antihypertensives precaution should be taken with

A

thiazides when comorbidities are present.

28
Q

Old people: consideration for Cardiovascular Drugs: Antihypertensives: diabetic

A

hyperglycemia in a diabetic

29
Q

Old people: consideration for Cardiovascular Drugs: Antihypertensives: gout

A

hyperuricemia in gout

30
Q

Old people: consideration for Cardiovascular Drugs: Antihypertensives: COPD

A

b-blockers in COPD

31
Q

Old people: consideration for Cardiovascular Drugs: Antihypertensives: Hypokalemia and arrhythmias

A

?

32
Q

Old people: Antimicrobial Agents: Since most antimicrobials are renally cleared,

A

dosing is important

33
Q

Old people: Antimicrobial Agents: Renal function should be carefully monitored when using

A

aminoglycosides, vancomycin, and polymyxin.

34
Q

Old people: Antimicrobial Agents: ___ ___ should be carefully monitored when using aminoglycosides, vancomycin, and polymyxin.

A

Renal function

35
Q

Old people: Anti-inflammatory Agents: Aspirin

A

GI bleeds and GI irritation

36
Q

Old people: Anti-inflammatory Agents: NSAIDs

A

may cause irreversible renal damage

37
Q

Antacids increase gastric pH. Result is decreased GI absorption of d___, k___, q___ a___, t___

A

digoxin, ketoconazole, quinolone antibiotics and tetracyclines

38
Q

Sulfonamides

A

can displace Methotrexate, phenytoin, and warfarin from their binding sites on albumin-> the result is higher concentrations of these drugs in plasma-> possible toxicity

39
Q

Sulfonamides can displace m___, p___, and w___ from their binding sites on albumin

A

Methotrexate, phenytoin, and warfarin

40
Q

Sulfonamides can displace Methotrexate, phenytoin, and warfarin from their binding sites on albumin-> the result is

A

higher concentrations of these drugs in plasma-> possible toxicity

41
Q 
Examples of inducers 
b
r
c
p
s
A

Barbiturates, rifampin, carbamazepine, phenytoin, St. John’s wort

42
Q 
Examples of inhibitors
a
d
e
g
r
A

Amiodarone, disulfiram, erythromycin, furanocoumarins (in grapefruit juice), ritonavir

43
Q

Renal function naturally declines with age. Beta blockers can

A

Beta blockers can reduce renal blood flow and slow excretion of drugs

Pharm (23 decks)

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