hypersensitivity diseases Flashcards
type I hypersensitivity is the binding of Ig___ against environmental Antigen and Ig____ to ____ cells triggering degranulation.
IgE binding to Mast cells
Type I hypersensitivity is also known as an___ and is mediated by ____. It is associated with what 3 disorders? And what is the response rate?
allergy, IgE, atopy, anaphylaxis, asthma, response rate can be minutes
Type II hypersensitivity is also known as ____, is mediated by Ig___ and Ig___, the ______ pathway, and MAC aka __ ___ __. It is associated with what 5 disorders?
cytotoxic or antibody-mediated hypersensitivity, mediated by IgG and IgM, the complement pathway, and the Membrane Attack Complex (C5b-C6-C7-C8-C9n).
Relevant disorders:
- Myasthenia Gravis
- Grave’s Disease
- Goodpasture’s disease
- Rheumatic Heart Disease
- Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
Type III hypersensitivity is also known as the ____ complex disease. It is mediated by Ig___, the _____ pathway, and the granuloctye ______. It involves the circulation of a _______ that deposits often in vessel walls and renal _____. It is associated with what 5 Disorders?
Immune complex disease, mediated by IgG, the complement pathway, and Neutrophils. Circulaton of an immune complex that deposits in vessel walls and RENAL JOINTS.
Relevant disorders:
- Serum Sickness
- Arthus Reaction
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Post Streptococcal glomerulonephritis
- Systemic Lupus erythematosus
- Membranous Nephropathy
Type IV hypersensitivity also known as the _____ because of the time of onset. It is mediated by ____ cells, and (does/doesn’t) require a first exposure. It is associated with what 3 disorders?
Delayed-type hypersensitivity or cell-mediated immune memory response; mediated by T cells, and DOES require a first exposure to develop the memory Th1 cells.
Relevant Disorders:
- Contact dermititis (posion ivy)
- Chronic Transplant rejection
- Multiple Sclerosis
Drugs for Type I hypersensitivity
Antihistamines Epinephrine Corticosteroids Bronchodilators Beta-2 Adrenergic agonists Leukotriene/histamine receptor antagonists.
Drugs for Type II hypersensitivity
treat the disorder
Drugs for Type III hypersensitivity
Corticosteroids
Intravenous IgG (IVIG)
Anti-CD20 Anitbodies (Rituximab): depletes B cells not plasma cells
CD40L antagonists (Ruplizumab)
Drugs for Type IV hypersensitivity
Corticosteroids
Anti-TNF
Costimulatory blockade: CD28/B7 block
many new therapies arising
Inflammatory mediators associated with Itching Increased Vascular Permeability Vasodilation Smooth Muscle Contraction Gut Peristalsis Mucus Secretion
Itching: Histamine
Increased Vascular Permeability: Histamine, PAF, Prostaglandin, Leukotrienes
Vasodilation: Histamine, PAF
Smooth Muscle Contraction: Histamine, PAF, Leukotrienes
Gut Peristalsis: Histamine
Mucus Secretion: Tryptase (granules), Leukotrienes
Which inflammation-related biological effects are associated with Leukotrienes?
Increased vascular permeability, Smooth muscle contraction, and mucus secretion
Which inflammation-related biological effects are associated with histamine?
itching, Increased vascular permeability, vasodilation, smooth muscle contraction, gut peristalsis
What cytokines are secreted in a type I hypersensitivity reaction that amplify the pathway and activate Th2 cells?
Il-4, IL-5, IL-13
What cytokines are secreted by mast cells?
IL-3 and IL-4
Which inflammatory mediators associated with eosinophils and neutrophils cause tissue damage?
E-CFA and N-CFA
