Human Performance - Human information and Processing Flashcards
What is Vigilance?
Extent of readiness to detect a stimulus that is imperative to safety
What is Attention?
Ability to focus and maintain interest in a given task while avoiding distractions
Types of attention include…
Divided attention
Selective attention
What is divided/selective attention?
Selective attention is the ability to pick up relevant information unintentionally
What is Hypo Vigilance?
State of reduced sensory sensitivity and response
A failure to maintain attention over a long period of time
Main causes of Hypo Vigilance…
Habituation
Repetition
Automation
Workload reduction
Demotivation
What is memory?
A process of acquisition, processing and storing of information
Memory : Sensory Store
Sensory memory - valid for short period of time
Iconic Memory - (0.5-1sec)
Echoic Memory - (2-8secs)
How long does short term memory last?
Lasts 10 - 30 secs
Max unrelated items help = 5+/- 2
Highly sensitive to interruption
Long Term Memory
Long Term Memory limitations
Experience
Repetition
Suggestion
Desires
Expectations
Information/Memory flow
Learning - Classical Conditioning
A certain stimulus produces a certain response/reaction
Learning - operant Conditioning
Based on consequences - trial/error technique
Cognitive Learning
Acquisition of knowledge and skill by mental or cognitive processes
E.g. creating mental representations of physical objects and events
Listening, watching, touching, reading and experiencing
Mnemonics help…
Mnemonics help the retention of infomation
Mental training helps…
Mental training helps the pre-view of the performance
Skill acquisition phases are…
Cognitive
Associative
Autonomous
Cognitive Skill
Understanding the nature and goal of the activity
Initial attempts at the skill
Gross errors are possible
Associative Skill
Practice on mastering the timing go the skill
Few and more consistent errors occur
Autonomous Skill
Well coordinated, tasks appear effortless
Automatic performance allows attention to be directed to other aspects of the skill performance
Few errors
What are motor programmes?
A series of subroutines organised into the correct sequence to perform a movement
Mental schemas are?
A cognitive framework that helps the organisation and interpretation of information
Mental Schemas in the Learning Process is are…
Enhance attention
Allow quick thinking
Simplify the universe of information
Fastens learning
SRK model includes…
Skill
Rule
Knowledge
Skill based behaviour & errors
Based on routines or motor-programs, performed without conscious thought
E.g.Selection of Flaps instead of Landing Gear
Rule based behaviour & errors
Based on knowledge of procedures, performed consciously
E.g wrong use of rules and wrong selection of procedures
Knowledge based behaviour & errors
Based on academical knowledge, performed consciously
E.g. lack of knowledge or incorrect use of it
Motivation is…
The process that initiates, guides and maintains goal orientated behaviours
Three major Motivation components are?
Activation - Involves the decision to initiate behaviour
Persistence - Continued effort to the goal even though obstacles may exist
Intensity - Concentration and vigor into pursuing a goal
Maslow Motivation Model
Basic Physiological needs
Safety/Security
Social needs
Social appreciation
Self fulfilment
