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Groundschool : Module 1 > AGK Electrics > Flashcards

AGK Electrics Flashcards

1
Q

How is electric produced onboard and how much do they produce?

A

Generator (x2) - 90KvA each

External Power - unlimited

APU - 90KvA

Ram Air Turbine (RAT) (Emergency Gen) - 5KvA

Batteries - 1KvA (C Rated)

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2
Q

What is the hierarchy of power?

A

If one system shuts down, it will go to the next power source

In a downward movement

Gen
Ext
APU
RAM
Batteries

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3
Q

Draw the A320 Schematic

A
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4
Q

What does TRU stand for ?

A

Transformer Rectifier Unit (TRU)

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5
Q

What happens if AC1 fails?

A

AC2 then provides power to the A CESS bus

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6
Q

What is electricity?

A

Flow of electrons through a conductive material

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7
Q

Atomic Structure

A

+ Proton
N Neutron
- Electron

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8
Q

What is a chain reaction?

A

As one electron moves, the one behind it goes into its place, domino effect (think of class mates moving one seat to the right)

The flowing of electrons creates electricity

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9
Q

What causes chain reactions and which provide sufficient power?

A

Heat - thermocouple
Magnetic Field (moving) - Generator
Chemical Reaction - Battery
Pressure - piezo electric crystals - vibration sensors
Light - solar
Friction - Static electricity

Magnetic field (moving) and chemical reactions provide sufficient power

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10
Q

Direct Current

A

Electrons flow in a single direction

Good at low range
Low voltage

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11
Q

DC graph

A
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12
Q

AC graph

A
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13
Q

Alternating Current

A

Electrons flow in both directions around the circuit

Travels further as it ignores resistance

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14
Q

What is Voltage and what can it also be called?

A

Electrical pressure

Potential Difference (P.D.)
Electro-motive Force (EMF)

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15
Q

DC systems

A

Computers
Screens
Radios
Lights (Navigation)

Good at low range

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16
Q

AC systems

A

Fuel pumps
Air conditioning packs
Wx Radar
Galleys
Windcreens
~115,000V, 43C = malleable (flex)
~On ground - Single phase
~In flight - Three phase

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17
Q

What is current and how’s it measured?

A

Flow rate

Amperes (Amps)
I

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18
Q

What is resistance?

A

Counteracts flow of current

Ohm
Ω
R

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19
Q

Ohms Law equation triangle

A

V = Volts
I=Current
R= Resistance

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20
Q

What is power and what are there equations?

A

Electrical work

P(Watts) = V x I

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21
Q

SEP electrical system

A

12V DC electrical system

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22
Q

MEP electrical system

A

24V DC electrical system
115v AC from inverter

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23
Q

A320/B737 B757/B767 electrical system

A

115/200V 3 phase A at 400Hz
+
24V DC system

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24
Q

What is load shredding?

A

Process of turning off loads you cannot power
~e.g galley

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25
Q

What is frequency?

A

Rate of change

Positive to negative cycle

F = Hertz (Hz)

1Hz = 1 cycle/sec

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26
Q

What Is A320/B737 frequency and why?

A

Constant frequency at 400Hz

Why?
More stable power
Smaller generator (can fit onto engine)

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27
Q

Intrinsic relationship between magnetism and electricity

A

A magnetic field can create electricity

Electricity can create a magnetic field

28
Q

What is inductance?

A

Generation of electricity using a magnetic field

29
Q

What effects voltage?

A

Speed of movement

Angle at which the conductor cuts the field

Diameter of the conductor

Strength of the field

30
Q

What is Lorentz Law?

A

F = B L I

F = Force
B = Field Strength
L = Length of the conductor
I = Resultant Current

31
Q

What is Capacitance?

A

The ability of a circuit or component to hold a charge

32
Q

What is a capacitor also know as and what does it do?

A

Condenser

Holds charge for a short amount of time

33
Q

What does a Capacitor measure in?

A

Farads (F)

34
Q

What determines capacity (Capacitor)

A

Distance between plates

Dielectric constant

Surface area of the plates

35
Q

Capacitor Circuit

A

Top half = stage 1
Bottom half stage 2

Once capacitor is charged from battery, the switches open and the electricity travels through the bottom half to light the bulb

Then the circuit closes and top half circuit is in used until the capacitor is charged again

36
Q

To charge the capacitor, you must

A

Increase frequency

37
Q

What is a Resistor?

A

A component designed to provide a predictable resistance

Can be used to control voltage and/or current

38
Q

Series circuit

A

Rt = R1 + R2 + R3

If R1 fails then they all fail > not used often in aviation

39
Q

Parallel Circuit

A

1 /Rt = 1/R1 + 1/R2 = 1/R3

Answer as a fraction unless specified

40
Q

What are the three circuit states?

A

Closed

Open

Short (failure)

41
Q

Which way is the electron flow in a conventional/non conventional circuit?

A

Con - +ve to -ve

Non Con - -ve to +ve

42
Q

What happens in a short circuit?

A

Resistance decreases but current increases

43
Q

What does a circuit breaker do?

A

Protects against over current

44
Q

Characteristics and materials of conductors

A

Copper
Gold
Aluminium

Low resistance
Abundance of free electrons (weak bond between electron and nuclei, easy to move)

45
Q

Characteristic and materials of an insulator (Dielectric)

A

Air
Paper
Rubber
Glass

Low or no free electrons

46
Q

What is static electricity?

A

Air molecules, snow and ice rub against fuselage, depositing electrons

47
Q

When is static electricity most likely to occur?

A

Dry conditions with low humidity

48
Q

What happens if static builds up and how do we prevent this?

A

Creates a rapid violent discharge back to atmosphere

Prevent by installing STATIC WICKS

49
Q

What is a static wick?

A

Constructed of wire or carbon

BOLTED TO FRAME

Wicks deposit the static electricity into the clouds on decent

If a/c experiences a large discharge, some may fall off

A/c deemed grounded if 3 or more are missing

50
Q

What is a bonding cable?

A

Joins all parts if the airframe together

Ensures low resistance path to static wicks

Allows a/c to be at the same voltage as static builds up

Prevents radio interference

51
Q

How do you know if a bonding cable is broken?

A

Can hear a static “hiss” when using the radio

The hiss comes from the static hitting the airframe and causing a magnetic field

52
Q

What is a battery and whats its role?

A

Stores electricity for STBY/EMERGENCY USE

Allows us to start engine or APU

53
Q

How long does a battery last for when being used in an emergency?

A

30 mins

54
Q

Types of battery?

A

Lead Acid

Nickel Cadmium (Nicd)

Lithium ( Polymer LiPo / Ion LiOn)

55
Q

What do batteries do? (reaction)

A

Create a chemical reaction

56
Q

What current do batteries prodcue?

A

DC

57
Q

What are batteries comprised of and what do they do?

A

Cells

Connected in a series to create an output on terminals

58
Q

Battery configuration

A
59
Q

Lead Acid voltages

A

Made up of 6 cells

Cell Voltage : 2.2V

Thermal Voltage : 12-12.6V

Nominal Voltage : 12V

60
Q

Nicd / LiPo / LiOn Voltages

A

Made of 10 cells + 1 spare (occasionally)

Cell Voltage : 1.3V On/Off Load

Thermal Voltage : 13.2V

Nominal Voltage : 12V

61
Q

Lead Acid ON/OFF Load Graph

A
62
Q

What type of batteries are rechargeable?

A

Secondary batteries

63
Q

How must batteries be charged?

A

At nominal voltage +20%

Takes around 20 mins

64
Q

How are batteries charged?

A

The current is reversed through the battery rot create heat

This reveres the chemical change

Resistance decreases

65
Q

What are the dangers to the modern battery?

A

Thermal Runaway

Batteries are negative temp coefficient
~As Temp increases, Resistance decreases

Groundschool : Module 1 (38 decks)

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