Human Genetics

Question 1

implications of genetic data (2)

Answer 1

as a species most of our genetic material derives from africa about 200KYA

for non-africa modern humans, amount of DNA from non african late pleistocene populations varies by region

Question 2

multiple lines of genetic evidence for mostly out of africa model (2)

Answer 2

ancient DNA

modern DNA -> low diversity

Question 3

modern DNA -> low diversity means (3)

Answer 3

recent evolution
descended from small population
variation decreases with distance from africa

Question 4

using genomics to understand human evolution (2)

Answer 4

interbreeding confirmed

genetic diversity of modern humans is tiny compared to other species because our species originated in africa so recently and has only a small genetic contribution from non african archaic populations

Question 5

traditional race concepts give _______ of human variation because they _____.

however all _________ that are common in _______ are also common in _____

Answer 5

inaccurate; assume significant levels of uniqueness

alleles; non african populations; african populations

Question 6

climate change is

Answer 6

key to understanding human evolution

Question 7

human evolution bio-cultural model:
3 components
3 ways of adapting to the environment

Answer 7

biology
culture
environment

genetic
behavioral/cultural
physiological

Question 8

adaptations to thermal environment

Answer 8

mammals have evolved various mechanisms to maintain a constant body temperature

Question 9

cultural adaptations to hot and cold (4)

Answer 9

clothing
fire
shelter
activity scheduling

Question 10

phenotypic plasticity is

Answer 10

response to environmental stress

Question 11

acclimation

Answer 11

transient morphological and physiological changes in response to short term environmental stress

Question 12

acclimatization

Answer 12

the development of permanent morphological and physiological changes to long term environmental stress

Question 13

high altitude stressors (4)

Answer 13

UV radiation
heat loss due to thinner air
low humidity
hypoxia - oxygen starvation

Question 14

genetic response to high altitude

Answer 14

in tibetans and andeans

Question 15

nongentic responses to hypoxia (2)

Answer 15

immediate and temporary physiological changes

physical growth in high-altitude populations (chest dimensions and lung volumes greater at all ages as direct result)