Human Genetics Flashcards
implications of genetic data (2)
as a species most of our genetic material derives from africa about 200KYA
for non-africa modern humans, amount of DNA from non african late pleistocene populations varies by region
multiple lines of genetic evidence for mostly out of africa model (2)
ancient DNA
modern DNA -> low diversity
modern DNA -> low diversity means (3)
recent evolution
descended from small population
variation decreases with distance from africa
using genomics to understand human evolution (2)
interbreeding confirmed
genetic diversity of modern humans is tiny compared to other species because our species originated in africa so recently and has only a small genetic contribution from non african archaic populations
traditional race concepts give _______ of human variation because they _____.
however all _________ that are common in _______ are also common in _____
inaccurate; assume significant levels of uniqueness
alleles; non african populations; african populations
climate change is
key to understanding human evolution
human evolution bio-cultural model:
3 components
3 ways of adapting to the environment
biology
culture
environment
genetic
behavioral/cultural
physiological
adaptations to thermal environment
mammals have evolved various mechanisms to maintain a constant body temperature
cultural adaptations to hot and cold (4)
clothing
fire
shelter
activity scheduling
phenotypic plasticity is
response to environmental stress
acclimation
transient morphological and physiological changes in response to short term environmental stress
acclimatization
the development of permanent morphological and physiological changes to long term environmental stress
high altitude stressors (4)
UV radiation
heat loss due to thinner air
low humidity
hypoxia - oxygen starvation
genetic response to high altitude
in tibetans and andeans
nongentic responses to hypoxia (2)
immediate and temporary physiological changes
physical growth in high-altitude populations (chest dimensions and lung volumes greater at all ages as direct result)