Directional/Planes/Dental Terms Flashcards
orthograde
trunk held upright
pronograde
walking on four limbs, with the trunk horizontal
superior
toward the head end of the body
inferior
opposite of cranial; toward the tail end of the body
anterior
toward the belly
posterior
opposite of ventral; toward the back
Medial
toward the midline (middle) of the body
Lateral
opposite of medial; away from the midline of the body
Proximal
nearer to the axial skeleton, usually used for limb bones
Distal
opposite of proximal; farther from the axial skeleton (toward the digits)
For pronograde: Cranial
toward the head end of the body
For pronograde: Caudal
opposite of cranial; toward the tail end of the body
For pronograde: Ventral
toward the belly
For pronograde: Dorsal
opposite of ventral; toward the back
Sagittal Plane
divides the body into symmetrical right and left halves
Coronal Plane
divides the body into anterior and posterior halves
Transverse Plane
a plane that slices through the body at any height but always passes
perpendicular to the sagittal and coronal planes (also referred to as horizontal)
(Dental) Mesial
towards the midline at the front of the mouth
(Dental) Distal
opposite of mesial; towards the back of the each tooth row
(Dental) Lingual
toward the tongue
(Dental) Buccal
toward the cheek
(Dental) Occlusal
the chewing surface of each tooth
Abduction
toe/thumb separated; opposable thumb
Adduction
toes/thumb in line/ not separated
dental formula
each quadrant has 2.1.2.3
2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, and 3 molars
anterior teeth
incisors and canines
posterior teeth
premolars and molars
What is used specifically for limbs?
Proximal/distal
thumb =
pollux
big toe =
hallux
