Cladistics and Taxonmy Terms

Question 1

Family names will always end in _____ and Subfamily names will always end in____

Answer 1

“-dae”

“-nae”

Question 2

Homologous

Answer 2

shared by two organisms because they are

inherited from a common ancestor

Question 3

Analogous

Answer 3

similar anatomical structures that evolved independently to

accommodate a similar functional demand

Question 4

Homoplasy

Answer 4

how organisms might share a character that evolved independently in the two
groups

Question 5

Homoplasy: Parallelism

Answer 5

independent evolution of similarity in closely-related organisms. Typically
there is similarity in the developmental pathway and genetic basis of similar traits.

Question 6

Homoplasy: Convergence

Answer 6

independent evolution of similarity in distantly-related taxa. Typically,
there is dissimilarity in the developmental pathway and genetic basis of similar traits.

Question 7

Homoplasy: Evolutionary reversal

Answer 7

the occurrence of a trait in a descendent that is identical to that of a distant ancestor, but different than of the immediate ancestor

Question 8

Derived (normal, shared)

Answer 8

apomorphies, synapomorphies

Question 9

Primitive (normal, shared)

Answer 9

plesiomorphies, symplesiomorphies

Question 10

unique derived character

Answer 10

autapomorphy, found only in one of the species being studied