2 Intelligence Flashcards
Theory of Mind (2)
ability to perceive how one is perceived by another individual
hypothesis that individuals categorize and think about themselves and other in terms of mental states
Alternate hypothesis
nonmentalistic -> individuals respond to or categorize and think about themselves and others in terms of observable properties of appearance and behavior
Theory of Mind tests? (4)
Imitation
Self-recognition
Social relationships (esp. ones that don’t involve them)
deception
Primates have…
Bigger animals have….
2 qualifiers
big brains
bigger brains
not all primates & not just primates
Ecological hypotheses (definition and 2 components)
selection pressures for abilities to locate and harvest high quality food
need big brain to remember where food is and if diet requires extracting resources from matrix in which they are embedded = extractive foraging
Social Hypotheses (2)
Permeant social groups require tricky balance of competition and cooperation
negotiation of relationships lead to social complexity
Social complexity is…
a function of range and subtlety of behavior expressed by its members
brain size constrains size of (2)
social network (constraint on memory for relationships and social skills to manage relationships)
Language
system of communication that uses abstract symbols to represent meaning (spoken, sign, written)
speech
the vocal sounds typically used by humans to convey language
language precursor (3)
gestures
facial expressions
vocalizations
multimodal communication
nonlinguistic and nonverbal cues to adjust message conveyed
Vocal precursor (3) - long response
language built directly on vocal abilities of our ancestors
primate calls can refer to external objects and events = referential abilities
primates use syntax (order) and reference (meaning) in calls but can’t copy novel sounds because anatomy
Culture one example
tool use
human cultures are
incredibly complex
